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ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND BIOGAS The average expected energy content of pure methane is 9,27 – 11 kWh/m3; natural gas has an energy content about 10% higher because of added gas liquids like butane. The particular characteristics of methane, the simplest of the hydrocarbons, make it an excellent fuel for certain uses. With some equipment modifications to account for its lower energy content and other constituent components, biogas can be used in all energyconsuming applications designed for natural gas. Biogas is commonly burned in an internal combustion engine to generate electricity. Practical experience with small-scale internal combustion engines with a rated capacity of less than 200 kW indicate an electrical conversion efficiency of less than 25%. Larger engines can have a greater conversion efficiency. One engine supplier claims to have an engine with an electrical conversion efficiency that averages 38% for engines in the 600-1000 kW range. 2nd Int. RES seminar: Excellence for RES in the Balkan Region, 31 st of May – 2 nd of June, 2006
ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND BIOGAS When biogas is used to produce electricity, there is the added potential for harvesting hot water and steam from the engine’s exhaust and cooling systems. Combining hot water and steam recovery with electricity generation may provide an overall conversion efficiency of 80% or more. Biogas is also burned in boilers to produce hot water and steam used for heating and sanitary washing. 2nd Int. RES seminar: Excellence for RES in the Balkan Region, 31 st of May – 2 nd of June, 2006
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Project logo: Priority logo: Projec
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Paper Session 6 thBALKAN POWER CONF
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6 thBALKAN POWER CONFERENCE Panel S
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- WAYS TO MINIMIZE THE GREENHOUSE G
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BPC 2006 INTRODUCTION • The inter
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CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING - A NEW WE
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CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING - A NEW WE
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PROMOTION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES
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Page 21 and 22: ROMANIAN APPROACH BPC 2006 The tren
Page 23 and 24: ROMANIAN APPROACH BPC 2006 • The
Page 25 and 26: ROMANIAN APPROACH BPC 2006 • Anot
Page 27 and 28: CONCLUSIONS BPC 2006 • We conside
Page 29 and 30: ioan.manicuta@opcom.ro
Page 31 and 32: kategorizicija na hidrogeotermalnit
Page 33 and 34: konduktivni hidrogeotermalni sistem
Page 35 and 36: Glavni geotermalni poliwa vo Makedo
Page 37 and 38: metodi za odreduvawe na geotermalni
Page 39 and 40: U~estvo na poedine~ni energenti vo
Page 41 and 42: PREPORAKI so relativno mali vlo`uv
Page 43 and 44: 6th Balkan Power Conference Romania
Page 45 and 46: Electricity are traded separately f
Page 47 and 48: Support system for E-RES E RES Fixe
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Page 51 and 52: CGCMO determines: determines determ
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Page 57 and 58: Centralized Green Certificates Mark
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Page 61 and 62: Thank you for your attention Ghergh
Page 63 and 64: ABSTRACT Biomass is one of the very
Page 65 and 66: INTRODUCTION -Biogas is a mixture o
Page 67: BENEFITS RESULTING FROM THE USE OF
Page 71 and 72: BIOGAS AS RENEWABLE SOURCE IN ISOLA
Page 77 and 78: Renewable Energy in Western Region
Page 79 and 80: Renewable Energy in China • China
Page 81 and 82: Western Region of China • The pot
Page 83 and 84: WRC : Area and Population • The t
Page 85 and 86: Geographical Conditions of WRC •
Page 87 and 88: Renewable Potentials: Hydro Power
Page 89 and 90: Wind Energy • China has rich wind
Page 91 and 92: Geothermal Power Generation in Tibe
Page 93 and 94: Barriers to RES Development in Chin
Page 95 and 96: Financing Problems • Due to low e
Page 97 and 98: Financing of RES Projects in Tibet
Page 99 and 100: Wind and Biomass Projects • Compa
Page 101 and 102: The geothermal energy • Market po
Page 103 and 104: Introduction • Croatia, now for a
Page 105 and 106: Solar and wind power a) b) c) d) Un
Page 107 and 108: Biomass, hydro and geothermal energ
Page 109 and 110: Conclusion The DEG based on RES in
Page 111 and 112: ADEG database Thank you for you att
Page 113 and 114: Presentation outline 1. Guarantees
Page 115 and 116: Life Cycle of a TGC 1. 2. 3. ISSUE
Page 117 and 118: RELATION BETEEN RECS AND GoO • Go
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Use of TGCs and GoOs • Green elec
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Introduction of RECS in SEE Option
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Contact information Energy Agency o
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Fig 1. Principal met station locati
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Map around Banatski Karlovac met st
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Wind mast data 40 m Weibull fit Com
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Table II Predicted Deliblatska Peš
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Table IV Predicted wind at Deliblat
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a) measured by mast sensor b) Predi
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It was found that rounded-off hourl
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c The possibility of wind climate p
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Wind rose and Weibull velocity dist
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Future eco house will consists of t
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The electric load of Rošijana hous
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Water pump 1 2000 2000 00-24 0.5 10
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P [kW] 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
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E [kWh/day] E [kWh/month] January 2
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- In accordance to power demands sh
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Grid type - Isolated-grid Peak load
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House and power source (wind genera
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Contribution to development of urba
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Potential for PV application in the
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Additional/alternative inland locat
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Lokacija: selo Bušević Available
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Lokacija: selo Bušević Energy (kW
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Cijena PV sistema (za osnovne potre
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FP6 Project RISE (Renewables for Is
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Estimation of Costs for Implementat
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Introduction • Preliminary estima
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Photovoltaic Project Analysis Model
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Load identification Load (kW) 3,5 3
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Description of the PV system • Mo
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Cost analysis and financial summary
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Cost analysis and financial summary
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6 Economic and Environmental evalua
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I. Introduction • Average solar r
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II Study case (performed under the
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Hourly Distribution of Global Solar
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Storage and BOS Characteristics Sto
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D. Economical Evaluation Annual Ene
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E. Environmental Evaluation GHG Red
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• On the other hand, such system
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FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF WIND-PLANT
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TYPICAL COSTS STRUCTURE FOR SMALL W
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WIND-PLANT ECONOMY available wind
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Location and orografy given by a sa
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Wind potential and wind rose estima
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Following input data are specified
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SUMMARY • Target location has a g
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Introduction Over the last ten year
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Introduction In Macedonia there is
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Wind Maps The Atlas is consisting o
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Site selection General site data 25
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Site 7 - Kozuf Mountain has greates
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Site 16 - Sasavarlija, Stip the sit
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Measurement Campaign The objective
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Data processing All sensors are sam
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RES: Investments Opportunities & Re
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PANEL SESSION: RES: Investments and
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Electricity from Solar - Croatia: P
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Renewables now make 20-25% of globa
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CROATIA - Current situation in Powe
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% 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1988. 1
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This gloomy situation with RES in C
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Comparison of politics in Europe re
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In process of acceptance: Grid Code
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In the procedure for acceptance: Se
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Example of Austria regarding % of i
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Croatian Policy Goals Minimum share
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Arguments for Optimism for Croatia:
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Contents Introduction Effects of
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Effects on power system Wind power
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Power quality The location and int
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Power system dynamics If conventio
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Wind forecasting Wind forecasting
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Future research 1. Varying amounts
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International RES Seminar "Promotin
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1. Introduction • RES technologie
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Economic and environmental evaluati
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Reference option: Lignite fueled po
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2.2. Wind power plant General input
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Costs in Reduction Reference Increa
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RES technology Geotherm. heat. Econ
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4. Limiting barriers to RES impleme
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4.3 Required infrastructure • Lac
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Nevertheless, contributing to susta
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Table
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. HEP G
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. HEP G
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Legis
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Trend
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Key I
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Renew
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Distr
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Zagre
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Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. Zagre
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Gorazd Škerbinek REGULATORY FRAMEW
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RES-E in the Balkans • High poten
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JI/CDM opportunities in the West Ba
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Introduction How can Annex-1 countr
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JI and CDM: principle Investor Coun
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Basic requirements for JI/CDM Emis
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Status of the Kyoto Protocol ratifi
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Sucessful examples of JI/CDM in sel
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JI/CDM Opportunities in West Balkan
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© Dr I. N. Tzortzis Renewable Ener
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2. The aims To introduce the ideas
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4. The main provisions II The prel
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Technology Licenses for use (MW) 6.
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Emission Trading Elektrizitätsgese
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ownership. 13% public; 87% Axpo Gro
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EGL’s approach to the topic CO2
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€/tonn price development for EUA
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correlation CO2 - oil €/tonn 31 2
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correlation CO2 - electricity Germa
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ehaviour of the market participants
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questions for CO2 related companies
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EUAA one uniform trading good in Eu
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Renewable Energy in Western China -
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energy resource, which is distribut
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Exploring the potential of biogas f
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interes include electricity market
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pyrolisis method of 0.1 M water sol
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where d is the film's thickness det
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Abstract -- This paper presents con
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development (renewable energy certi
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This market is administrated by OPC
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starting from 2004, geothermal, wav
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producers, starting with august 200
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Operator. Her special fields of int
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On the territory of the RM the most
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Croatia´s RES potential for Decent
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II) take into account all levels cu
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exploited. Fig. 6. Maximum load cap
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Electricity from renewable sources
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mostly in those Member States that
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VI. REFERENCES: [1] Directive 2001/
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cost of RES is usually much higher
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A. Financing Channels for RES Proje
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Techno-economic characteristics of
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decreases in high wind speed. This
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c€/kWh at windy coastal locations
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elongs to the not very prosperous D
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communities from the First category
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Feasibility Analysis of Wind-plant
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nonexistence of mechanisms for incl
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Table I shows wind energy potential
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Abstract--Based on the existing met
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grid, but it is not possible to mak
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E [kWh] 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
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mounted: the one 40 m height mast c
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Fig. 9 Observed wind climate at the
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Economic and Environmental evaluati
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favorability of the site for solar
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[5] METEONORM, Version 4, Edition 2
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Natural Resources Canada's CANMET E
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combined with other electronic devi
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taking in consideration any support
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momentum and energy, as well as the
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After the site screening was comple
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