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(number of labour per one kg of cocoons) at different productivity levels. Looking into the break-up of labour-use, the higher performers tend to utilise less family labour as compared to the lower performers at labour and seed productivity levels. At the land productivity level, however, while the lowest performers show the least use of family labour, the second lowest performers use the family labour, most. On the other hand, the highest performers use more hired labour as compared to the lower performers at the seed and land productivity levels. At the labour productivity level, the highest performers use the least hired labour while the second highest performers use the most hired labour. A.s for the utilisation of labour by sex variation, the higher performers tend to use less female labour as compared to the lower performers at the labour and seed productivity levels. At the land productivity level, however, the pattern shows a reverse. As for the male labour, the higher performers use the least at the labour productivity level while it is the reverse at the seed productivity level. At the land producti\ity level, the lowest performers use the least male labour and the second lowest performers use the most male labour, leaving out Il medium use for the higher performers. As for the hired male labour, it is more used by the higher performers as compared to the lower performers at all levels. The higher performers use the family male labour least as compared to the lower performers at the labour productivity level. At the seed productivity level, the lowest performers use the most and the second lowest use the least of it, again leaving the higher performers with its medium use. It is just the reverse at the land productivity levels. The trend, however, 102
indicates that the hired male labour is more used by the higher perlormers as compared to the lower perlormers. In general, the hired male labour component in sericulture is far less as compared to the hired female labour component. One of the reasons for this variation is the wage factor which favours the female labour over the male labour. This is true in almost all areas of this study. Where hired male labour is involved, they are either skilled labourers, or permanent contract labourerslo who work under the direct supervision of the sericulturists and gain experience for themselves. In both cases the sericulturists involved are m05tly the medium farmers with better resource access and committed experience. As for Seripura, the component of permanent contract labour is very minimal. The use of male skilled labour is very much in use. So, these factors could very well explain such phenomenon 11. The perlormance status across family types reveals that at the seed and labour productivity levels, the best perlormers are those belonging to the complex nuclear family type with the other two types showing a below average perlormance. The advantage in such families is that there are at least two adult women available in the family facilitating an efficient division of labour. 10 Refer C haprer 5 for a detailed exposition of labour types II In the analysis of labour-use, however, a note of precaution needs to be added. 1bat IS those who involve family labour are sometimes more liberal in ~nributi~g the quantity of labour under use as they are almost part of the accompllshment 103
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
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to the rural society, in particular
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instance, is reported to have been
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Industrialisation and greater emplo
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means of economic survival (1970:12
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to a region of small geographical a
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people's attitudes towards Communit
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dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
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year has made it a hot favourite of
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to social significance of sericub.I
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to the adoption of sericulture may
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As discussed earlier, any new techn
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3. To study the impact of sericultu
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framework as 'matro family'. If it
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The relation could be called a symm
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enough to accept change and respons
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upon the institutions. The study on
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and presenting the significance and
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CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
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TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
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Sericulture. The present study vill
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Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
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Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
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Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
Page 59 and 60: Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
Page 61 and 62: 'convent school' in the village its
Page 63 and 64: pollution, the sefYlce of the women
Page 65 and 66: Appendix II provides some of the so
Page 67 and 68: two and three, where there is a gre
Page 69 and 70: hesitation. As far as girls are con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
Page 73 and 74: Agriculture lands work out to be ne
Page 75 and 76: Cotton was the predominant crop in
Page 77 and 78: These are mainly rain-fed lands and
Page 79 and 80: Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
Page 81 and 82: one as it lacks any visible product
Page 83 and 84: production along with meeting any o
Page 85 and 86: Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
Page 87 and 88: economies of the village, it is any
Page 89 and 90: considerations are developed within
Page 91 and 92: diseases. Some people prefer chawki
Page 93 and 94: with other related agencies and fel
Page 95 and 96: m the village. The fourth phase, co
Page 97 and 98: communities except the Vanniars. Wh
Page 99 and 100: the large farmers, sericulture may
Page 101 and 102: Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
Page 103 and 104: Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
Page 105 and 106: indication in the activity profile
Page 107 and 108: Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
Page 109: productivity at the different perfo
Page 113 and 114: variation is striking. However, the
Page 115 and 116: sections from taking up sericulture
Page 117 and 118: here concern the supply of material
Page 119 and 120: Other inputs like disinfectants and
Page 121 and 122: Adoption of Technology The deparnne
Page 123 and 124: sericulturists, however, accept suc
Page 125 and 126: oom with bleaching powder. Some go
Page 127 and 128: sericultwists invariably turn out t
Page 129 and 130: the eye. Some say that continuous i
Page 131 and 132: Labour is generally categorised as
Page 133 and 134: 1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
Page 135 and 136: also engaged in out-put based tasks
Page 137 and 138: caste as well as class lines. In as
Page 139 and 140: Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
Page 141 and 142: Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
Page 143 and 144: contract system have created a situ
Page 145 and 146: specific strategies in adopting the
Page 147 and 148: Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
Page 149 and 150: predominantly consist of the landle
Page 151 and 152: The present chapter has brought out
Page 153 and 154: have the potentiality of disturbing
Page 155 and 156: However, many of these studies have
Page 157 and 158: Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
Page 159 and 160: variation, in favour of sericulture
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Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
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Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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