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The average area of cultivation for different crops shows that there are only three crops namely mulberry, jowar and cumbu, which involve an operation of less than one acre of land. Of these, mulberry is the only irrigated crop. The other two are rain-fed crops. The crops that have an average of more than l.5 acres of operation include horsegram (l. 68 acres), samai (1. 66 acres), groundnut (1. 62 acres) and sugarcane (1.5 acres). Of these, sugarcane is the only irrigated crop while groundnut is a semi-irrigated crop. The lands on the north and north-east are river-beds, attracting more paddy and some sugarcane cultivation. The 'Eringeel Kaeni', which is on the north-westerly direction, receiving tank irrigation, has also attracted a considerable area of paddy cultivation and some sugarcane cultivation. Mulberry lands, though spread over at all directions, are more found in the lands around the village known as 'Ooraanda kollai', as well as on the eastern side at 'pulianthoappu Kaeni', located at about one to one and a half kilometre from the village. \-iulberry lands are also seen at 'Aaththu Kaeni' on the southern side of the village. Tomato, another irrigated crop is more seen at 'Aeringeel Kaeni' lands on the north-western side as well as at the lands on the eastern and north-eastern sides, surrounding the village. The groundnut, which is a popular semi-irrigated crop in the village is seen practically in all areas, far and near, on all sides of the village. It is, however, predominantly found on the lands beyond a distance of about one kilometre, on the western side of the village. The 'Kaanrakkaadu' lands located at about one-and-a-half kilometres east and south-east of the village form about one tenth of the total cultivable lands in the village. 68
These are mainly rain-fed lands and dominated by crops like 'Samai', 'kollu' (horsegram) and tosome extent, 'Aariyam' (ragi), The most adopted irrigated crop other than paddy is mulberry that occupies about 6,2 per cent of the total land area in Seripura, Though this looks very low, it forms almost 40 per cent of the total fully irrigated lands of Seripura. Since mulberry requires water throughout the year, though on a medium scale as compared to paddy or sugarcane, its share in the irrigated cropped area is exceptionally high. The average area of mulberry cultivation is 0,8 acre while it is above one acre in the case of all other major crops. About 36 per cent of the land-holders have gone for mulberry cultivation, However, this forms about 75 per cent of those who have access to fully irrigated lands, Diversified Economy The people of Seripura are engaged in varied activities, a majority of which are related to land. An attempt is made here to discern the extent of the involvement of the work force in different activities and understand the nature of economic diversification. An attempt has also been made subsequently, to solicit the sources of income, which again would enable to understand the extent of commercialisation of the village economy. It would also enable to understand the position of sericulture in the whole economic scenario of the village, The activities have been grouped under distinct categories. Those who depend on the cultivation of crops are grouped under 'agriculture', Those who are engaged in own silkworm rearing fall under the category 'sericulture'. Those who are engaged in livestock breeding are grouped 69
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
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to the rural society, in particular
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instance, is reported to have been
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Industrialisation and greater emplo
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means of economic survival (1970:12
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to a region of small geographical a
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people's attitudes towards Communit
Page 25 and 26: dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
Page 27 and 28: year has made it a hot favourite of
Page 29 and 30: to social significance of sericub.I
Page 31 and 32: to the adoption of sericulture may
Page 33 and 34: As discussed earlier, any new techn
Page 35 and 36: 3. To study the impact of sericultu
Page 37 and 38: framework as 'matro family'. If it
Page 39 and 40: The relation could be called a symm
Page 41 and 42: enough to accept change and respons
Page 43 and 44: upon the institutions. The study on
Page 45 and 46: and presenting the significance and
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
Page 49 and 50: TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
Page 51 and 52: Sericulture. The present study vill
Page 53 and 54: Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
Page 55 and 56: Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
Page 57 and 58: Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
Page 59 and 60: Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
Page 61 and 62: 'convent school' in the village its
Page 63 and 64: pollution, the sefYlce of the women
Page 65 and 66: Appendix II provides some of the so
Page 67 and 68: two and three, where there is a gre
Page 69 and 70: hesitation. As far as girls are con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
Page 73 and 74: Agriculture lands work out to be ne
Page 75: Cotton was the predominant crop in
Page 79 and 80: Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
Page 81 and 82: one as it lacks any visible product
Page 83 and 84: production along with meeting any o
Page 85 and 86: Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
Page 87 and 88: economies of the village, it is any
Page 89 and 90: considerations are developed within
Page 91 and 92: diseases. Some people prefer chawki
Page 93 and 94: with other related agencies and fel
Page 95 and 96: m the village. The fourth phase, co
Page 97 and 98: communities except the Vanniars. Wh
Page 99 and 100: the large farmers, sericulture may
Page 101 and 102: Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
Page 103 and 104: Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
Page 105 and 106: indication in the activity profile
Page 107 and 108: Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
Page 109 and 110: productivity at the different perfo
Page 111 and 112: indicates that the hired male labou
Page 113 and 114: variation is striking. However, the
Page 115 and 116: sections from taking up sericulture
Page 117 and 118: here concern the supply of material
Page 119 and 120: Other inputs like disinfectants and
Page 121 and 122: Adoption of Technology The deparnne
Page 123 and 124: sericulturists, however, accept suc
Page 125 and 126: oom with bleaching powder. Some go
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sericultwists invariably turn out t
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the eye. Some say that continuous i
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Labour is generally categorised as
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1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
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also engaged in out-put based tasks
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caste as well as class lines. In as
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Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
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Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
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contract system have created a situ
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specific strategies in adopting the
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Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
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predominantly consist of the landle
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The present chapter has brought out
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have the potentiality of disturbing
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However, many of these studies have
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Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
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variation, in favour of sericulture
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Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
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Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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