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sericulture only as a leisure time activity, though he would like to intensify his involvement if he gets better yield. C. Women Sericulturists of Three Sibling Families Case I\ o. 5: Prema, An Active Sericulturist and a Wife of a Passive Sericulturist Husband (E N Pura) Prema is a mother of a three-year old boy, who is attending the kindergarten school in the neighbouring village. She has a greater participation a in sericulture activity, along with her usual household activity and attending to her son. She assists and supervises the sericulture activity while the permanent contract labourer plays a leading role in it. However, any major decision in the process of rearing, like moult setting etc., should have the consent of the head of the household, who, by nature, is less involved in the activity since its inception 18 years ago when he was the eldest brother in his parental family. He had even opposed, tooth and nail, his brothers for taking up sericulture in those days. Later, he himself had realised its worth and accepted it even in his own family, when they became nuclear. Case No.6: The Case Of Shilpa, a Graduate Wife of a Progressive Sericulturist Shilpa represents yet another type. She is mother of a two-year old boy and a four-year old daughter. The daughter is attending the kindergarten in the neighbouring village. Shilpa is the only adult woman in the household. In spite of being a graduate, she is not much different from her less educated village women in playing the traditionally expected role of a village woman. Her husband is quick to remark: 'In a village context, one cannot help it'. She carries out all household activities and attends to her children. In addition, she intensively 272
participates in the sericulture activity, along with her husband, at all phases of the rearing. in the later phases, however, the pennanent contract labourer also joins them along with other customary casual labourers. She is also expected to be ready to attend to her husband's needs as well as to replace his role in sericulture at any time, as her husband has a wider contact outside and he may have to be away at any time. Presenting her role, her husband (refer case 3, in the appendix), a graduate himself, exhons: 'Her contribution is remarkable and he has high regard for her. Sometimes, he even feels guilty, thinking whether she is overburdened. It is the division of labour that exists in the village context. Yet, he tries to support her to the extent possible, within the limitations of his nature of work. She is usually consulted on all major deciSIOns. Case :\0. 7: The Case of Kanaga, a Non-Participant wife of an Active and Successful Sericulturist Kanaga is physically weak which does not allow her to participate in sericulture. She attends only to the household chores, taking care of her four year old naughty boy and looking after the livestock. in addition, she has to attend to her husband's needs. However her husband is unable to reconcile himself of her limitations , as he .... itnesses the hard work put forth by his sisters-in-law. So, he takes all the decisions, sericulture or otherwise and he least involves his ....ife In any of these. In this case, Kanaga's role in decision making is practically nil. She hardly gets any recognition for her role as a housewife. 273
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
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to the rural society, in particular
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instance, is reported to have been
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Industrialisation and greater emplo
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means of economic survival (1970:12
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to a region of small geographical a
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people's attitudes towards Communit
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dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
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year has made it a hot favourite of
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to social significance of sericub.I
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to the adoption of sericulture may
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As discussed earlier, any new techn
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3. To study the impact of sericultu
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framework as 'matro family'. If it
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The relation could be called a symm
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enough to accept change and respons
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upon the institutions. The study on
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and presenting the significance and
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CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
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TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
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Sericulture. The present study vill
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Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
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Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
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Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
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Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
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'convent school' in the village its
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pollution, the sefYlce of the women
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Appendix II provides some of the so
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two and three, where there is a gre
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hesitation. As far as girls are con
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CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
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Agriculture lands work out to be ne
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Cotton was the predominant crop in
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These are mainly rain-fed lands and
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Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
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one as it lacks any visible product
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production along with meeting any o
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Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
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economies of the village, it is any
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considerations are developed within
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diseases. Some people prefer chawki
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with other related agencies and fel
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m the village. The fourth phase, co
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communities except the Vanniars. Wh
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the large farmers, sericulture may
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Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
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Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
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indication in the activity profile
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Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
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productivity at the different perfo
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indicates that the hired male labou
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variation is striking. However, the
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sections from taking up sericulture
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here concern the supply of material
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Other inputs like disinfectants and
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Adoption of Technology The deparnne
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sericulturists, however, accept suc
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oom with bleaching powder. Some go
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sericultwists invariably turn out t
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the eye. Some say that continuous i
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Labour is generally categorised as
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1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
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also engaged in out-put based tasks
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caste as well as class lines. In as
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Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
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Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
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contract system have created a situ
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specific strategies in adopting the
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Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
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predominantly consist of the landle
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The present chapter has brought out
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have the potentiality of disturbing
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However, many of these studies have
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Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
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variation, in favour of sericulture
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Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
Page 229 and 230: escue. She has been doing sericultu
Page 231 and 232: of the village population. There ar
Page 233 and 234: Strategies and Prospects. These onl
Page 235 and 236: at the non-institutional level for
Page 237 and 238: system oflending or through an info
Page 239 and 240: other villages. Though skilled pers
Page 241 and 242: symmetric relations are distinguish
Page 243 and 244: have taken a new dimension with the
Page 245 and 246: the present study. The study has be
Page 247 and 248: In Seripura, there had been a large
Page 249 and 250: and matro-nuclear families is well
Page 251 and 252: labour has found greater recognitio
Page 253 and 254: most of them have to face similar c
Page 255 and 256: Social and Network Relations: This
Page 257 and 258: of the village, within the context
Page 259 and 260: In the analysis of socio-economic m
Page 261 and 262: dimensions of the project, concerru
Page 263 and 264: sustainability of the enterprise it
Page 265 and 266: Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
Page 267 and 268: Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
Page 269 and 270: ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
Page 271 and 272: Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
Page 273 and 274: Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
Page 275 and 276: upee salary at that time. Having fa
Page 277 and 278: factory started running on a loss w
Page 279: giving up sericulture though he doe
Page 283 and 284: Being the eldest and the only daugh
Page 285 and 286: Meena hardly attends to other house
Page 287 and 288: activities of leaf picking, feeding
Page 289 and 290: her work-load becomes heavier, thou
Page 291 and 292: the second consecutive year. has he
Page 293 and 294: heavily on her brother for sericult
Page 295: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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