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number of households in the village. The average size of the family is 4.8. Caste Composition and Family Type: Table 2.3 gIves the distribution of the households across caste and family types arranged by hierarchical status, as recognised by the people of Seripura. Seripura is a multi-caste village with a presence of as many as 17 different castes. Kongu Vellalars who <strong>for</strong>m almost two fifths of the total number of households in the village, are the dominant caste in the village, numerically and otherwise. Thurston (1975) calls the Vellala as 'the great farmer caste of the Tamil country'. The family size of the Kongu Vellalars is 5.1 as against 4.8 <strong>for</strong> the whole village. Among the numerically dominant castes, they stand out in the size of the family. The Scheduled castes who fall in the last two layers of the village caste-hierarchy comprise of about one fifth of the total population. Among the three major scheduled castes of Tamil Nadu, the Parayans fall in the middle of the scheduled caste hierarchy, while the Pallans are at the top and the Chakkiliyans, at the lowest. The Parayans are the traditional drum-beaters, as the term 'parai' denotes drum. Traditionally, the grave-diggers ('vettian'), guards ('talaiyari') and the scavengers ('thoti') are all Parayans. They generally live in 'paracheri', located always a little away from the main village. However, in this village, this distance has completely narrowed down today that they have become just a neighbouring caste, like the other castes (See the map). Nevertheless, the location of their residential area and the nature of their settlement show their distinction from the rest of the village castes. The only exception are the Boyars who also exhibit 48
Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distribution of Households by Caste and Family Types • Caste BNF* NF CNF EF HHs Persons F. Size KVG 9.1 54.5 26.0 10.4 77 390 5.1 Vanniar 27.8 50.0 16.7 5.6 18 74 4.1 Veththala Chettiar 0.0 33.3 0.0 66.7 3 21 7.0 tiarETHTHALA CHETTIAR Naidu 0.0 80.0 20.0 00 5 23 46 Kurumbar 0.0 66.7 22.2 III 9 47 5.2 Mudaliar 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1.0 Chanar 14.3 57.1 28.6 0.0 7 27 3.9 Asari 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 10 5.0 Golru 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 3 21 7.0 Boyer 16.7 50.0 22.2 III 18 73 4.1 Muslim 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 6 6.0 Vedar 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 15 5.0 Pinjikutru 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 4 4.0 Ehali 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 7 40 4.4 Navithan 00 1000 00 00 1 4 4.0 Parayar 3.0 66.7 18.2 12.1 33 148 4.8 Chakkiliar 18.2 63.6 9.1 9.1 11 51 4.6 Total 10.0 58.0 22.0 10.0 200 955 4.8 - Note: BNF: Broken Nuclear Family; NF: Nuclear Family; CNF: Complex Nuclear Family; EF: Extended Family ~ -0
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
Page 3 and 4:
DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
Page 5 and 6: would also like to thank my friend
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
Page 11 and 12: new International economic order. I
Page 13 and 14: to the rural society, in particular
Page 15 and 16: instance, is reported to have been
Page 17 and 18: Industrialisation and greater emplo
Page 19 and 20: means of economic survival (1970:12
Page 21 and 22: to a region of small geographical a
Page 23 and 24: people's attitudes towards Communit
Page 25 and 26: dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
Page 27 and 28: year has made it a hot favourite of
Page 29 and 30: to social significance of sericub.I
Page 31 and 32: to the adoption of sericulture may
Page 33 and 34: As discussed earlier, any new techn
Page 35 and 36: 3. To study the impact of sericultu
Page 37 and 38: framework as 'matro family'. If it
Page 39 and 40: The relation could be called a symm
Page 41 and 42: enough to accept change and respons
Page 43 and 44: upon the institutions. The study on
Page 45 and 46: and presenting the significance and
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
Page 49 and 50: TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
Page 51 and 52: Sericulture. The present study vill
Page 53 and 54: Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
Page 55: Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
Page 59 and 60: Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
Page 61 and 62: 'convent school' in the village its
Page 63 and 64: pollution, the sefYlce of the women
Page 65 and 66: Appendix II provides some of the so
Page 67 and 68: two and three, where there is a gre
Page 69 and 70: hesitation. As far as girls are con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
Page 73 and 74: Agriculture lands work out to be ne
Page 75 and 76: Cotton was the predominant crop in
Page 77 and 78: These are mainly rain-fed lands and
Page 79 and 80: Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
Page 81 and 82: one as it lacks any visible product
Page 83 and 84: production along with meeting any o
Page 85 and 86: Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
Page 87 and 88: economies of the village, it is any
Page 89 and 90: considerations are developed within
Page 91 and 92: diseases. Some people prefer chawki
Page 93 and 94: with other related agencies and fel
Page 95 and 96: m the village. The fourth phase, co
Page 97 and 98: communities except the Vanniars. Wh
Page 99 and 100: the large farmers, sericulture may
Page 101 and 102: Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
Page 103 and 104: Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
Page 105 and 106: indication in the activity profile
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Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
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productivity at the different perfo
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indicates that the hired male labou
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variation is striking. However, the
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sections from taking up sericulture
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here concern the supply of material
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Other inputs like disinfectants and
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Adoption of Technology The deparnne
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sericulturists, however, accept suc
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oom with bleaching powder. Some go
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sericultwists invariably turn out t
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the eye. Some say that continuous i
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Labour is generally categorised as
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1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
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also engaged in out-put based tasks
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caste as well as class lines. In as
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Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
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Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
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contract system have created a situ
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specific strategies in adopting the
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Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
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predominantly consist of the landle
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The present chapter has brought out
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have the potentiality of disturbing
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However, many of these studies have
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Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
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variation, in favour of sericulture
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Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
Page 267 and 268:
Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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