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The performance status across castes reveals that at the seed and labour productivity levels, the KVGs show better performance as compared to the rest. This indicates their better access to land and irrigation sources. Besides, they also enjoy a higher social economic status which facilitates their wider interaction and provides a better access to institutional benefits. The performance status as well as the scale of operation across land-size classes would reveal that there is obviously a relationship between what emerges here and the pattern, emerged earlier, in the analysis of the same factors across different productivity levels. At labour productivity, the marginal and the large land-holders show a performance below the average levels while all the other groups farc above average. The best performance is by the small land-holders. The marginal and the large land-holders show the least performance of seed productivity, while there is an even performance among the others with minimal variations. The performance of the marginal land-holders as compared to others is poor in both seed and labour productivity. In the case of marginal farmers, the disadvantage is their lack of access to resources while in the case of large farmers, the personal attention and commitment to carry out the activity are hardly available. On the other hand, there is access to resources, as well as personal involvement in the case of medium farmers, which is manifested in their performance. If this pattern is compared with the situation in E N Pura, it would be seen that the better performers are the marginal and medium farmers while the small and large farmers have not fared well. While the performance level of the medium and large farmers in both these areas do not conflict, as for the marginal and small farmers are concerned the 104
variation is striking. However, the category of marginal farmer is not comparable as there was only a single representative of this category in E N Pura. As for the small farmers, it depends on the varying access to resources including irrigation, which is on the better side as far as the Seripura fanners are concerned compared to those of the Palani farmers. All the factors considered above do indicate their significance in the operation of sericulture and reflect their impact on the level of performance. It has to be noted, however, that these factors may not have a direct impact on the performance status of sericulture as the nature of these factors is only extraneous. This implies that there are scores of other factors that accompany these categories in varying degrees. This also explains why there are variations even within specific categories. The following section brings out the other major factors that come to play in the adoption and performance of sericulture. Socio-Economic Factors The adoption of sericulture as a career will be a futile exercise unless there is a congenial atmosphere for carrying it out and a reasonable hope for continuing in it. The main motivation of the farmers in taking up sericulture has always been the economic consideration though the other factors follow closely. However, the access to the basic socia-economic factors and the required economic capacity are the critical elements in the success of sericulture. The major factors under this category include land and irrigation, capital and credit and labour. Land-holding and Irrigation Status: Access to land and irrigation is an essential element in the practice of sericulture. In 105
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
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to the rural society, in particular
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instance, is reported to have been
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Industrialisation and greater emplo
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means of economic survival (1970:12
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to a region of small geographical a
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people's attitudes towards Communit
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dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
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year has made it a hot favourite of
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to social significance of sericub.I
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to the adoption of sericulture may
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As discussed earlier, any new techn
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3. To study the impact of sericultu
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framework as 'matro family'. If it
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The relation could be called a symm
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enough to accept change and respons
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upon the institutions. The study on
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and presenting the significance and
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CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
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TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
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Sericulture. The present study vill
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Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
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Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
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Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
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Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
Page 61 and 62: 'convent school' in the village its
Page 63 and 64: pollution, the sefYlce of the women
Page 65 and 66: Appendix II provides some of the so
Page 67 and 68: two and three, where there is a gre
Page 69 and 70: hesitation. As far as girls are con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
Page 73 and 74: Agriculture lands work out to be ne
Page 75 and 76: Cotton was the predominant crop in
Page 77 and 78: These are mainly rain-fed lands and
Page 79 and 80: Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
Page 81 and 82: one as it lacks any visible product
Page 83 and 84: production along with meeting any o
Page 85 and 86: Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
Page 87 and 88: economies of the village, it is any
Page 89 and 90: considerations are developed within
Page 91 and 92: diseases. Some people prefer chawki
Page 93 and 94: with other related agencies and fel
Page 95 and 96: m the village. The fourth phase, co
Page 97 and 98: communities except the Vanniars. Wh
Page 99 and 100: the large farmers, sericulture may
Page 101 and 102: Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
Page 103 and 104: Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
Page 105 and 106: indication in the activity profile
Page 107 and 108: Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
Page 109 and 110: productivity at the different perfo
Page 111: indicates that the hired male labou
Page 115 and 116: sections from taking up sericulture
Page 117 and 118: here concern the supply of material
Page 119 and 120: Other inputs like disinfectants and
Page 121 and 122: Adoption of Technology The deparnne
Page 123 and 124: sericulturists, however, accept suc
Page 125 and 126: oom with bleaching powder. Some go
Page 127 and 128: sericultwists invariably turn out t
Page 129 and 130: the eye. Some say that continuous i
Page 131 and 132: Labour is generally categorised as
Page 133 and 134: 1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
Page 135 and 136: also engaged in out-put based tasks
Page 137 and 138: caste as well as class lines. In as
Page 139 and 140: Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
Page 141 and 142: Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
Page 143 and 144: contract system have created a situ
Page 145 and 146: specific strategies in adopting the
Page 147 and 148: Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
Page 149 and 150: predominantly consist of the landle
Page 151 and 152: The present chapter has brought out
Page 153 and 154: have the potentiality of disturbing
Page 155 and 156: However, many of these studies have
Page 157 and 158: Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
Page 159 and 160: variation, in favour of sericulture
Page 161 and 162: Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
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Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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