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There are also families comprising of one of the parents. either widowed or separated along with unmarried children. Here too matrofamilies are greater in number than patro-families. All matro-families are headed by an adult son except those families where there is no such person available in the family. There are a few such families that go for sericulture but under two specific conditions Firstly. they possess an adequate infrastructure. to go for it. Secondly, there is at least one male adult, either a son within the family or a sibling or a near-kin living close-by, extending an intensive support at most of the time. There was one such family in Seripura with a separated woman with children. However, after a gap of about five years, her husband joined her again. The case of Kannamma in K K Pura is an instance of an SC womanheaded household with sericulture (refer case no. II in the appendix). Thus, sericulture has been adopted by all types of families but under specific conditions. Moreover, the adoption of sericulture itself tends to alter the structure and functioning of the family. The following sections would fwther dwell on the internal dynamics of the family in its multiple dimensions. Intra-Family Dynamics Intra-family dynamics consists of different role statuses within the family. These include the number of adults in the family, their intensity of participation in sericulture. It also concerns authority relations among the recognised dyads that are traditionally involved in unequal power relations. 152
Number of Adults and Relationship Status: The number of adults in a family is an important variable in understanding the internal dynamics of family in the context of sericulture. The sericultura1 adoption and intensity in different family types can be better understood., if this is seen in the context of the number of adult males and females available in the family. Table 6.2 gives the number male and female adults in sericulture families by family type and relationship status. For better comprehension, the matro family has been clubbed together with nuclear family. Similarly, patro and matro nuclear family have been clubbed together to form a complex nuclear family. All extended family types have been put together to form a single category. About fifty per cent of the households are with a working single male adult While there is a similar per cent of households with a working single female adult. There are 13 single households of two working adults, one male and one female each, which are of husband and wife combination. There are 18 households with three working adults with an equally distributed combination of one and two of either sexes. Of these, about two thirds are of nuclear type. There are nine households where there are more than two adult women and there are ten households where there are more than two adult men. In families where there are just two adults alone, sericulture leaves much work-stress. In such families, agricultural activities are kept to the minimum. For the same reason, it is hard for large farmers with less number of adults, especially where there are less than two adult males, to adopt sericui ture. It is not the case with other households where there are some additional hands, even if they happen to be 153
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
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to the rural society, in particular
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instance, is reported to have been
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Industrialisation and greater emplo
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means of economic survival (1970:12
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to a region of small geographical a
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people's attitudes towards Communit
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dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
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year has made it a hot favourite of
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to social significance of sericub.I
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to the adoption of sericulture may
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As discussed earlier, any new techn
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3. To study the impact of sericultu
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framework as 'matro family'. If it
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The relation could be called a symm
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enough to accept change and respons
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upon the institutions. The study on
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and presenting the significance and
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CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
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TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
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Sericulture. The present study vill
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Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
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Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
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Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
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Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
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'convent school' in the village its
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pollution, the sefYlce of the women
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Appendix II provides some of the so
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two and three, where there is a gre
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hesitation. As far as girls are con
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CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
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Agriculture lands work out to be ne
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Cotton was the predominant crop in
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These are mainly rain-fed lands and
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Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
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one as it lacks any visible product
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production along with meeting any o
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Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
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economies of the village, it is any
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considerations are developed within
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diseases. Some people prefer chawki
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with other related agencies and fel
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m the village. The fourth phase, co
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communities except the Vanniars. Wh
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the large farmers, sericulture may
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Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
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Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
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indication in the activity profile
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Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
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Page 111 and 112: indicates that the hired male labou
Page 113 and 114: variation is striking. However, the
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Page 117 and 118: here concern the supply of material
Page 119 and 120: Other inputs like disinfectants and
Page 121 and 122: Adoption of Technology The deparnne
Page 123 and 124: sericulturists, however, accept suc
Page 125 and 126: oom with bleaching powder. Some go
Page 127 and 128: sericultwists invariably turn out t
Page 129 and 130: the eye. Some say that continuous i
Page 131 and 132: Labour is generally categorised as
Page 133 and 134: 1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
Page 135 and 136: also engaged in out-put based tasks
Page 137 and 138: caste as well as class lines. In as
Page 139 and 140: Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
Page 141 and 142: Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
Page 143 and 144: contract system have created a situ
Page 145 and 146: specific strategies in adopting the
Page 147 and 148: Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
Page 149 and 150: predominantly consist of the landle
Page 151 and 152: The present chapter has brought out
Page 153 and 154: have the potentiality of disturbing
Page 155 and 156: However, many of these studies have
Page 157 and 158: Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
Page 159: variation, in favour of sericulture
Page 163 and 164: children, to extend some assIstance
Page 165 and 166: While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
Page 167 and 168: over women and of the old over the
Page 169 and 170: assert one's freedom in the areas o
Page 171 and 172: tend to act with restraint. This is
Page 173 and 174: handle the domestic roles all alone
Page 175 and 176: make the participation of women in
Page 177 and 178: However, the involvement of women i
Page 179 and 180: nuclear families where recently mar
Page 181 and 182: Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
Page 183 and 184: specific recognition, depending on
Page 185 and 186: incentives to sericulturists in the
Page 187 and 188: atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
Page 189 and 190: access to land, which in tum, depri
Page 191 and 192: CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
Page 193 and 194: labour for agriculture operations.
Page 195 and 196: econorruc status IS manifested in t
Page 197 and 198: The person makes further attempts t
Page 199 and 200: Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
Page 201 and 202: The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
Page 203 and 204: among the marginal and small catego
Page 205 and 206: As for the labour utilisation, seri
Page 207 and 208: SCs in the village. All the drop ou
Page 209 and 210: they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
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Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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