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funds, celebration of festivals, etc. The temples in the village are attached to different castes and the festivals are celebrated at different times of the year. The other castes, however, participate in the activities and cultural programmes associated with the festivals. Each major caste has a common fund which is a matter of prestige for the caste. The fund has been generated through membership contributions and those contributions that come through fixed marital payments. The monthly meetings are attended mainly to collect and redistribute the money, through auctioning, among those who are in need of money for immediate requirements, within the caste. At the meetings, the members also discuss other issues that are of immediate concern. Thus, the village reflects a mixed pack of traditional and modern living coexisting as the village is undergoing a period of transition. Features of Supportive Fields The present study mainly focuses on the major contours of the social processes discerned in Seripura in the context of sericulture. Nevertheless, it also takes a comparative look into some of the other sericulture villages in Tamil Nadu, wherever necessary. This would help in getting a realistic and wider picture of the social realities, discussed in the present study. These villages include the areas where the the present researcher has carried out long-term fieldwork (about six months each) as well as those that were visited for conversational interviews and quick studies to understand various developmental issues of sericulture 3 . 3 Some such studies include 'The Adoption of Bivoltine Technology in Tamil Nadu' (1990-91), . The Women's Training in Sericulture (1992)', 'The role of NGOs in the Development of Sericulture' (1994), etc., carried out in the 56
Appendix II provides some of the socia-economic and demographic features of the field villages. The main field village, Seripura has been named as the 'Core field' while the other field villages, which include E N Pura in Palani taluk and M R Pura in Dinidigul taluk of Dindigul district and K K Pura in Rasipuram taluk of Salem district, have been tenned as . supportive fields'. These details will be helpful for a better comprehension of the socio-sericulture realities especially when there is a cross reference to the supportive fields, in the analysis. Some of the general features of these supportive fields relating to the settlement pattern., caste composition, family and marriage, education, occupation and livestock are considered here. Settlement Pattern: One of the striking features in these villages relates to the settlement pattern in the emerging scenario. Easy access to land is being preferred by many people for varying reasons. It helps them to be closer to their source of livelihood. Cultivation of crops gets closer watch, and better care and protection from the owners. They are also at a proximal distance to the water sources that are essential for daily needs like drinking, bathing, etc. For these purposes, the preference goes to farm-based households. In the subsequent generations, there is a possibility of such households developing into mini-villages, co-residing with lateral-relations in the proximity of their lands. Thus, it is not uncommon to see the village-main being the cluster of mainly the landless and the smaller landholders with no irrigation infrastructure. The others prefer farm-based households, though with obvious hardships. This is very much true of the sericulture households. sericulture areas of the different districts of Tamil Nadu, along with the other members of the Benefictar)' Assessment Team. 57
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SERICUL TURE AND THE PROCESS OF CHA
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DECLARATION I hereby declare that t
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would also like to thank my friend
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Socio-cultur
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new International economic order. I
Page 13 and 14: to the rural society, in particular
Page 15 and 16: instance, is reported to have been
Page 17 and 18: Industrialisation and greater emplo
Page 19 and 20: means of economic survival (1970:12
Page 21 and 22: to a region of small geographical a
Page 23 and 24: people's attitudes towards Communit
Page 25 and 26: dislocations. In his opmlOn, the pr
Page 27 and 28: year has made it a hot favourite of
Page 29 and 30: to social significance of sericub.I
Page 31 and 32: to the adoption of sericulture may
Page 33 and 34: As discussed earlier, any new techn
Page 35 and 36: 3. To study the impact of sericultu
Page 37 and 38: framework as 'matro family'. If it
Page 39 and 40: The relation could be called a symm
Page 41 and 42: enough to accept change and respons
Page 43 and 44: upon the institutions. The study on
Page 45 and 46: and presenting the significance and
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER II THE FIELD AND THE PEOPLE
Page 49 and 50: TAMIL NADlJ Map No_ 2_2 ~ .... , i
Page 51 and 52: Sericulture. The present study vill
Page 53 and 54: Table No. 2.1: Per cent Dis(ributio
Page 55 and 56: Table No. 2.2: Distribution of Hous
Page 57 and 58: Table No. 2.3: Per cent Distributio
Page 59 and 60: Literacy and Education: Table 2.4 p
Page 61 and 62: 'convent school' in the village its
Page 63: pollution, the sefYlce of the women
Page 67 and 68: two and three, where there is a gre
Page 69 and 70: hesitation. As far as girls are con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTERm LAND AND ECONO~IIC DIVERSI
Page 73 and 74: Agriculture lands work out to be ne
Page 75 and 76: Cotton was the predominant crop in
Page 77 and 78: These are mainly rain-fed lands and
Page 79 and 80: Table No. 3.1: Activity Profile and
Page 81 and 82: one as it lacks any visible product
Page 83 and 84: production along with meeting any o
Page 85 and 86: Table No. 3.2: Sources of Household
Page 87 and 88: economies of the village, it is any
Page 89 and 90: considerations are developed within
Page 91 and 92: diseases. Some people prefer chawki
Page 93 and 94: with other related agencies and fel
Page 95 and 96: m the village. The fourth phase, co
Page 97 and 98: communities except the Vanniars. Wh
Page 99 and 100: the large farmers, sericulture may
Page 101 and 102: Table No. 4.4: Activity PronIe of S
Page 103 and 104: Table No. 4.5: Intensity ofSericult
Page 105 and 106: indication in the activity profile
Page 107 and 108: Table No. 4.61 Land Size, Scale and
Page 109 and 110: productivity at the different perfo
Page 111 and 112: indicates that the hired male labou
Page 113 and 114: variation is striking. However, the
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sections from taking up sericulture
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here concern the supply of material
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Other inputs like disinfectants and
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Adoption of Technology The deparnne
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sericulturists, however, accept suc
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oom with bleaching powder. Some go
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sericultwists invariably turn out t
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the eye. Some say that continuous i
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Labour is generally categorised as
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1986: ~~). Only the males are invol
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also engaged in out-put based tasks
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caste as well as class lines. In as
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Migration and Labour Scarcity: Seri
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Table No. 5.1: Labour Absorption in
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contract system have created a situ
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specific strategies in adopting the
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Karunalcaran in one of the study vi
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predominantly consist of the landle
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The present chapter has brought out
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have the potentiality of disturbing
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However, many of these studies have
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Table No. 6.1: Distribution of Seri
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variation, in favour of sericulture
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Number of Adults and Relationship S
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children, to extend some assIstance
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While Table 6.3 refers to all seric
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over women and of the old over the
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assert one's freedom in the areas o
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tend to act with restraint. This is
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handle the domestic roles all alone
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make the participation of women in
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However, the involvement of women i
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nuclear families where recently mar
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Table No.6. 7: Labour Involvement a
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specific recognition, depending on
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incentives to sericulturists in the
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atmosphere. So, it would not be muc
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access to land, which in tum, depri
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CHAPTERVll SOCIO-ECONOMIC MOBILITY
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labour for agriculture operations.
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econorruc status IS manifested in t
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The person makes further attempts t
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Sunilarly, Kannappan in Seripura (C
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The case of Tba..'1g3vel of E N Par
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among the marginal and small catego
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As for the labour utilisation, seri
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SCs in the village. All the drop ou
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they still possess certain external
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Gender Relations'. It has to be rei
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The family of Mahendran in K K Pura
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probably to keep out of any social
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ecome a menace. With better protect
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maturity of the laying and the meth
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However, the adoption of sericultur
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Sericulture plays a positive role i
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tend to be younger in age. This str
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of labour, etc. These sometimes ext
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escue. She has been doing sericultu
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of the village population. There ar
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Strategies and Prospects. These onl
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at the non-institutional level for
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system oflending or through an info
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other villages. Though skilled pers
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symmetric relations are distinguish
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have taken a new dimension with the
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the present study. The study has be
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In Seripura, there had been a large
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and matro-nuclear families is well
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labour has found greater recognitio
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most of them have to face similar c
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Social and Network Relations: This
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of the village, within the context
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In the analysis of socio-economic m
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dimensions of the project, concerru
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sustainability of the enterprise it
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Cernea.' Michael M. 1985. Putting P
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Govindaraju, K. V., P. Pugazhendi a
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ISST 1982. An Assesment of Women's
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Morns, J. 1981. Managing Induced Ru
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Srinivas, M. :--I. House. 1935. Ind
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upee salary at that time. Having fa
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factory started running on a loss w
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giving up sericulture though he doe
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participates in the sericulture act
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Being the eldest and the only daugh
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Meena hardly attends to other house
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activities of leaf picking, feeding
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her work-load becomes heavier, thou
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the second consecutive year. has he
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heavily on her brother for sericult
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Land holding
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