Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Biosphere - WBGU

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The German Advisory Council on Global Change N 439 The Council Prof Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber, Potsdam (Chairperson) Prof Juliane Kokott, St. Gallen (Vice Chairperson) Prof Friedrich O. Beese, Göttingen Prof Klaus Fraedrich, Hamburg Prof Paul Klemmer, Essen Prof Lenelis Kruse-Graumann, Hagen Prof Christine Neumann, Göttingen Prof Ortwin Renn, Stuttgart Prof Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Jena Prof Max Tilzer, Konstanz Prof Paul Velsinger, Dortmund Prof Horst Zimmermann, Marburg Staff to the Council Members Dr Arthur Block, Potsdam Dr Astrid Bracher, Bremerhaven (from 1.4.99) Dipl.-Geogr. Gerald Busch, Göttingen Referendar-jur. Cosima Erben, Heidelberg Dipl.-Ing. Mark Fleischhauer, Dortmund Dr Dirk Hilmes, Göttingen Andreas Klinke, M.A., Stuttgart Dipl.-Psych. Dörthe Krömker, Hagen Dipl.-Geogr. Jacques Léonardi, Hamburg Referendar-jur. Markus Böckenförde, Heidelberg (until 31.8.99) Dr Heike Mumm, Konstanz (until 31.3.99) Dipl.-Biol. Martina Mund, Jena (until 30.4.99) Dipl.-Volksw. Thilo Pahl, Marburg Dipl.-Geoökol. Christiane Plötz, Bayreuth (from 1.5.99) Dr Rüdiger Wink, Bochum The Secretariat of the Council, Bremerhaven* Prof Dr Meinhard Schulz-Baldes (Director) Dr Carsten Loose (Deputy Director) Dr Frank Biermann, LL.M. Dr Ursula Fuentes Hutfilter (until 18.4.99) Dr Georg Heiss (from 15.6.99) Vesna Karic-Fazlic Ursula Liebert Dr Benno Pilardeaux Martina Schneider-Kremer, M.A. Dipl.-Pol. Jessica Suplie * Secretariat WBGU Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research PO Box 12 01 61 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany Tel. ++49-471-4831-1723 Fax: ++49-471-4831-1218 Email: wbgu@awi-bremerhaven.de Internet: http://www.WBGU.de/ Joint Decree on the Establishment of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (April 8, 1992) Article 1 In order to periodically assess global environmental change and its consequences and to help all institutions responsible for environmental policy as well as the public to form an opinion on these issues, an Advisory Council on ‘Global Environmental Change’ reporting to the Federal Government shall be established. Article 2 (1) The Council shall submit a report to the Federal Government by the first of June each year, giving an updated description of the state of global environmental change and its consequences, specifying quality, size and range of possible changes and giving an analysis of the latest research findings. In addition, the report should contain indications on how to avoid or correct maldevelopments.The report shall be published by the Council. (2) While preparing the reports, the Council shall provide the Federal Government with the opportunity to state its position on central issues. (3) The Federal Government may ask the Council to prepare special reports and opinions on specified topics. Article 3 (1) The Council shall consist of up to twelve members with special knowledge and experience regarding the tasks assigned to the Council. (2) The members of the Council shall be jointly appointed for a period of four years by the two ministries in charge, the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety, in agreement with the departments concerned. Reappointment is possible. (3) Members may declare their resignation from the Council in writing at any time. (4) If a member resigns before the end of his or her term of office, a new member shall be appointed for the retired member’s term of office.
440 N The German Advisory Council on Global Change Article 4 (1) The Council is bound only to the brief defined by this Decree and is otherwise independent to determine its own activities. (2) Members of the Council may not be members either of the Government or a legislative body of the Federal Republic or of a Land or of the public service of the Federal Republic, of a Land or of any other juristic person under public law unless he or she is a university professor or a staff member of a scientific institute. Furthermore, they may not be representatives of an economic association or an employer’s or employee’s organization, or be permanently attached to these through the performance of services and business acquisition. They must not have held any such position during the year preceding their appointment as member of the Council. Article 5 (1) The Council shall elect a Chairperson and a Vice- Chairperson from its midst for a term of four years by secret ballot. (2) The Council shall set up its own rules of procedure. These must be approved by the two ministries in charge. (3) If there is a differing minority with regard to individual topics of the report then this minority opinion can be expressed in the report. Article 6 In the execution of its work the Council shall be supported by a Secretariat which shall initially be located at the Alfred Wegener Institut (AWI) in Bremerhaven. Article 7 Members of the Council as well as the staff of the Secretariat are bound to secrecy with regard to meeting and conference papers considered confidential by the Council.This obligation to secrecy is also valid with regard to information given to the Council and considered confidential. Article 8 (1) Members of the Council shall receive all-inclusive compensation as well as reimbursement of their travel expenses. The amount of compensation shall be fixed by the two ministries in charge in agreement with the Federal Ministry of Finance. (2) The costs of the Council and its Secretariat shall be shared equally by the two ministries in charge. Dr Heinz Riesenhuber Federal Minister for Research and Technology Prof Klaus Töpfer Federal Minister for Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety May 1992 — Appendix to the Council Mandate — Tasks to be Performed by the Advisory Council Pursuant to Article 2, para 1 The tasks of the Council include: (1) Summarising and continuous reporting on current and acute problems in the field of global environmental change and its consequences, eg with regard to climate change, ozone depletion, tropical forests and fragile terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems and the cryosphere, biological diversity and the socioeconomic consequences of global environmental change. Natural and anthropogenic causes (industrialisation, agriculture, overpopulation, urbanisation, etc) should be considered, and special attention should be given to possible feedback effects (in order to avoid undesired reactions to measures taken). (2) Observation and evaluation of national and international research activities in the field of global environmental change (with special reference to monitoring programmes, the use and management of data, etc). (3) Identification of deficiencies in research and coordination. (4) Recommendations regarding the avoidance and correction of maldevelopments. In its reporting the Council should also consider ethical aspects of global environmental change.
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World in Transition German Advisory
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Members of the German Advisory Coun
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German Advisory Council on Global C
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VI Dr Helmut Kraus (University of B
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VIII G 4 G 5 H H 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 H 5
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X D 1.3.1.3 D 1.3.1.4 D 1.3.1.5 D 1
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XII E 3.3.1.1 E 3.3.1.2 E 3.3.2 E 3
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XIV F 4.3 F 5 F 5.1 F 5.1.1 F 5.1.2
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XVI J I 2.4 I 2.5 I 2.5.1 I 2.5.2 I
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XVIII L K 2.4.12 K 2.4.13 K 2.4.14
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XX Box E 3.9-2 Box E 3.9-3 Box E 3.
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Figures Figure C 1.2-1 Figure C 1.3
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Acronyms ACFM AGDW AIA AIDS ATBI´s
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XXVI NIH NPP OECD ÖPUL PCR PEFC PI
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Summary for Policymakers A 3 Overco
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Summary for Policymakers A 5 vation
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Introduction: Humanity reconstructs
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10 B Introduction Box B-1 Biosphere
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12 B Introduction Box B-2 Sustainab
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The biosphere-centred network of in
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Trends of global change in the bios
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Impact loops in the biosphere-centr
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Impact loops as core elements of sy
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Genetic diversity and species diver
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32 D The use of genetic and species
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D 3 Focal issues D 3.1 Trade in end
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Natural and cultivated landscapes E
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From natural to cultivated landscap
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Development of landscapes under hum
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Development of the cultivated lands
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Amazonia: Revolution in a fragile e
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Amazonia: Revolution in a fragile e
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Introduction of the Nile perch into
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The Indonesian shallow sea E 2.4 10
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Perception and evaluation E 3.1 113
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Spatial and temporal separation of
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 125 E 3.
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 127 tion
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 129 Box
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 131 cons
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 133 Figu
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 135 from
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 137 Habi
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 139 1. O
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 141 vati
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 143 used
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 145 Tabl
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 153 Chan
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 155 rene
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 157 vati
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Sustainable land use E 3.3 159 comb
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Sustainable food production from aq
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Conserving natural and cultural her
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Introduction of alien species E 3.6
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Tourism as an instrument E 3.7 185
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The role of sustainable urban devel
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Integrating conservation and use at
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The biosphere in the Earth System F
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210 F The biosphere in the Earth Sy
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F 2 The global climate between fore
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F 3 The biosphere in global transit
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F 5 Critical elements of the biosph
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Biosphere-anthroposphere linkages:
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250 G Biosphere-anthroposphere link
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G2 The mechanism of the Overexploit
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G 3 Disposition of forest ecosystem
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G5 Political implications of the sy
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Valuing the biosphere: An ethical a
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276 H Valuing the biosphere: An eth
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H 5 Economic valuation of biosphere
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H 6 The ethics of conducting negoti
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A guard rail strategy for biosphere
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Third biological imperative: mainta
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Fourth biological imperative: prese
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Conclusion: an explicit guard rail
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Tasks and issues I 2.1 309 • Pres
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Tasks and issues I 2.1 311 basis of
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Approaches under international law
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Approaches under international law
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Approaches for positive regulations
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Approaches for positive regulations
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Motivational approaches I 2.4 321 t
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Motivational approaches I 2.4 323 c
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Environmental education and environ
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Focuses of implementation I 3.2 335
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The role of the Biodiversity Conven
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Agreements and arrangements under t
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Incentive instruments, funds and in
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Research strategy for the biosphere
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Preserving the integrity of bioregi
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Maintaining biopotential for the fu
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Preserving the global natural herit
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Preserving the regulatory functions
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Monitoring and remote sensing J 2.3
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Biological-ecological basic researc
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Socio-economic basic research J 3.2
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The foundations of a strategy for a
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Focal areas of implementation K 2 K
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Governments and government institut
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Governments and government institut
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Page 420: A worldwide system of protected are
Page 424 and 425: References L 397 Abramovitz, J N (1
Page 426 and 427: References L 399 Berlyne, E D (1974
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Page 434 and 435: References L 407 Gollin, M A (1993)
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Page 438 and 439: References L 411 Kaufmann, L S (199
Page 440 and 441: References L 413 Leader-Williams, N
Page 442 and 443: References L 415 Sustaining Society
Page 444 and 445: References L 417 of forest recreati
Page 446 and 447: References L 419 Pott, R (1993) Far
Page 448 and 449: References L 421 pp109-140. Scharpf
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Page 454 and 455: References L 427 Wold, C (1998) ‘
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Page 459 and 460: 432 M Glossary the ecosystems in a
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Page 470 and 471: Index O 443 A Aalborg Charter 194-1
Page 472 and 473: Index O 445 Especially as Waterfowl
Page 474 and 475: Index O 447 habitats 52, 81, 154, 1
Page 476 and 477: Index O 449 phytotherapy; see also
Page 478: Index O 451 United Nations Conferen
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