State of the Practice of Computer Security Incident Response Teams ...

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formats for exchanging incident data between teams. For example, the IODEF defines a common data format for describing and exchanging incident information [Arvidsson 01]. IODEF has been designed to be compatible with the Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format (IDMEF) developed for sharing intrusion detection data between intrusion detection systems [Curry 03]. More about this project can be found in Section 3.10.2.1 of this report. 3.7.5.2 Mechanisms for Recording and Tracking Incident Information Information can be captured and logged in a variety of ways: on paper or in a logbook, in a database or help desk system, or even in text files. When participants were queried in the CSIRT Organizational Survey about how information was collected, they responded as follows: • 76% of the teams stated that they used a database to record and track incident data • 28% use both a database and a paper log • 10% use only a paper log • 45% said they used a customized database • 28% said that they used an off-the-shelf product There was no particular database product used consistently by the CSIRTs. Products mentioned included • Remedy HelpDesk and Action Request System • SQL • Oracle • Microsoft Access • Lotus Notes A number of teams find they must build customized environments to collect, record, and store CSIRT information because some of the tools do not have the features needed or do not meet the functionality required by the CSIRT. One example of some of the work that is currently being done to create a customized incident handling tracking system is the development of Request Tracker for Incident Response (RTIR). 96 JANET-CERT is currently funding a project that has led to the development of RTIR, which is a customized version of an earlier general-purpose tracking system called 96 For more information, see . 94 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
Request Tracker. 97 JANET-CERT worked in collaboration with the software vendor, who did the actual programming. DFN-CERT is also working on a project that has been funded by the German federal CSIRT, CERT-BUND, that involves researching requirements for a CSIRT incident tracking system. The prototype developed by DFN-CERT is based on RT and its extension for incident response, RTIR. The prototype is web-based and is called “Vorfallsbearbeitungssystem,” or VBS for short. The VBS extends RT/RTIR by adding specific workflows via roles and data fields specific to incident handling. 98 Staff from both projects are collaborating and continue to work with the software vendor to extend the requirements for an incident response specific tracking system. They are also looking for other teams who are interested in developing other extensions to this software. 99 Some other examples of incident tracking systems that are being developed and used for incident tracking within the CSIRT community include • the CERIAS Incident Response Database, which has specific fields for capturing incident costs 100 • the University of Chicago Network Security Center (NSC) Freeman Incident Tracking System (FITS) 101 3.7.6 Categorizing and Prioritizing Incident Reports There is no clear consensus on the best way to categorize and prioritize incident reports and activity. A variety of ways to identify and prioritize reports have been used by different organizations and discussed by various authors. A few of these are summarized in Table 12. Table 12: Methods of Categorizing and Prioritizing Incident Reports and Activity Level/Priority Type of Incident/Activity [Kruse 02] Highest High Medium e-commerce, authentication/billing server, law enforcement subpoenas DNS/email/web server, router External attacks, successful internal attacks 97 98 99 100 101 Also from Best Practical Software, see . This information was provided by DFN-CERT. For more information about these projects, contact JANET-CERT or DFN-CERT. For more information see . For more information, see . CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001 95
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State of the Practice of Computer S
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This report was prepared for the SE
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3.1.3 Total Registered CSIRTs......
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iv CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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vi CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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viii CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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x CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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This document provides a view of th
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• Katherine Fithen for her contin
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xvi CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Although CSIRTs have been in existe
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ased on a sampling of CSIRTs done v
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future growth. It can also be used
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The participating CSIRTs also repre
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10 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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ole. This may include providing sec
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• Incident response is the action
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Model Coordinating CSIRT Descriptio
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After the worm had been successfull
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2.3.2 The Creation of FIRST In Augu
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Up until this point, only one or tw
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the other teams. Again, the communi
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into a course for new incident hand
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These early teams have become leade
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2.3.5 Initiatives in Latin America
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stituency is the research network a
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In September 2003, the U.S. Departm
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36 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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• There is not one entity for reg
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Table 4 combines the total number o
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In looking at the growth of teams e
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Page 78 and 79: data collection, the use of analysi
Page 80 and 81: Dittrich goes on to say that a big
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Page 100 and 101: promote “higher education in info
Page 102 and 103: 3.7.1 Defining Computer Security In
Page 104 and 105: 3.7.1.1 Security Incident Taxonomy
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Page 118 and 119: priority), yellow (cautionary alert
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Page 122 and 123: Whoever does this work must not onl
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Page 126 and 127: Effective teams will have a plan in
Page 128 and 129: • 83% of the education CSIRTs sha
Page 130 and 131: Figure 14: Attack Sophistication Ve
Page 132 and 133: service managers or customers. Such
Page 134 and 135: As the volume of incident and vulne
Page 136 and 137: enabling better cooperation and ass
Page 138 and 139: 3.9.2 United States Cyber Crime Law
Page 140 and 141: 3.10.1.2 Trusted Introducer for CSI
Page 142 and 143: 3.10.1.5 Asia Pacific Computer Emer
Page 144 and 145: For more information see: http://ce
Page 146 and 147: 3.10.3.3 Distributed Intrusion Dete
Page 148 and 149: 3.10.5 Research CSIRTs and security
Page 150 and 151: 3.12 Resources 3.12.1 Case Study Ex
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Page 154 and 155: standards for incident handling met
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. __ Distributed dedicated team (te
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e. __ answering hotline/help desk c
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26. What are your business hours? _
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e. __ Audit or Risk Management Depa
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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156 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Seminars include Intrusion Detectio
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TRANSITS Training Workshop http://w
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Certification Organizations Current
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164 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Article 10 - Offences related to in
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accessing legal implications coordi
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http://thomas.loc.gov/ Bills, Publi
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18 U.S.C. § 1832 - Theft of trade
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http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi
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SecurityFocus Online - Library Comp
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U.S. House of Representatives - Off
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CERT Coordination Center The CERT/C
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CIO/FBI/USSS These are the CIO Cybe
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CIO CYBERTHREAT RESPONSE & REPORTIN
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asic information that is included i
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Department of Justice Computer Crim
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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CONTRIBUTORS INDUSTRY Peter Allor M
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Nebraska Information Technology Com
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COMPUTER INCIDENT REPORTING SHORT F
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3. Has your agency experienced this
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a. System(s) disconnected from the
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6. (Optional) Updates to policies a
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COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT HANDLING
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Steele The Information Assurance Te
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Network Incident Report United Stat
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Details for Probes and Scans Appare
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Details for Unauthorized Access (co
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Van Wyk and Forno In their book Inc
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Bibliography All URLs are valid as
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[Caloyannides 01] Caloyannides, Mic
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[Ferreira 96] Ferreira, Joao Nuno;
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[Kossakowski 00] Kossakowski, Klaus
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[Scalet 02] Scalet, Sarah. “Risk:
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[van Wyk 01] van Wyk, Kenneth R. &
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Index @stake, 157 abnormal network
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CIO, 84, 92 CIRC, 13 CIRT, 13 CISSP
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internal, 14, 92 internal centraliz
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incident handling, 84 reporting, 92
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security, 56, 124 support staff, 73
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incoming information, 74 priority s
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survey, xii, 5, 49, 52, 55, 67, 71,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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