State of the Practice of Computer Security Incident Response Teams ...

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• 83% of the education CSIRTs share information with their CIO; 66% share information with business mangers, their IT and telecommunications department, and their legal department. • 75% of the information and communication CSIRTs share information with their CIO, other CSIRTs, and law enforcement. • 63% of military CSIRTs share information with other military organizations, their IT and telecommunications department, and their CIO. • 100% of other commercial CSIRTs share information with their CIO and with other CSIRTs. • 75% of the participating non-profit CSIRTs share information with law enforcement and other CSIRTs. Looking at this information by CSIRT model, • 100% of identified coordination centers share information with the CIO, law enforcement, and the IT and telecommunications departments. • 70% of the centralized CSIRTs share information with their CIO and IT and telecommunications departments; 80% share information with law enforcement. • 80% of the combined teams share information with other CSIRTs and law enforcement. • 100% of the distributed dedicated teams share information with the CIO; 75% share information with business managers, IT and telecommunications departments, and law enforcement. • 75% of distributed part-time teams share information with other CSIRTs and the IT and telecommunications departments; 50% share information with the CIO, business managers, and the human resources department. 3.7.15 Documenting Policies and Procedures Documenting policies and procedures is one of the most important activities a CSIRT must undertake to be successful over the long term. Oppenheimer et al., in a booklet for system administrators published by SAGE, state that “security policies are among the most crucial elements of a security infrastructure.” They go on to discuss key elements to consider in the policy design and implementation phase: • How specific should the policy be? • How much control should the policy enforce? • What is the appropriate security policy structure? [Oppenheimer 97] While these questions relate to system administration and security policies, they are still valid key elements in the design of policies and, modified slightly to focus on incident response issues, can apply equally well in the CSIRT environment. 108 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
Mandia captures it very nicely: “Words that go together: Sonny and Cher, Donnie and Marie, and Policies and Procedures. You cannot talk about one without the other” [Mandia 01]. In the CERT CSIRT Development Team training courses, we define CSIRT policies as “what you want to do” and CSIRT procedures as “the step-by-step instructions for how you do it.” In the absence of well-defined policies and procedures, incident handling staff (and your constituency for that matter) will make up their own rules and guidelines. The lack of these documents can be detrimental to the success of the CSIRT. The Handbook for CSIRTs provides an overview of policy attributes, listing management endorsement, clarity, need, usability, implementation, and enforcement [West-Brown 03]. Included in the description of each of these attributes are tips or sample statements to help the reader in developing such policies. Some of the typical policy content features are also identified, along with suggestions about how these might be defined in the policy. In a recent InfoSecurity News magazine devoted to computer forensics articles, Rothke discusses having an incident response staff and comprehensive policies and procedures, and states, “If there are no policies and procedures in place, there is no way to ascertain that things are being done properly” [Rothke 02]. Symantec’s white paper on planning for incident response discusses the need to establish policies and procedures. “Without policies and procedures, employees have no understanding about what is and is not acceptable” [Symantec 02]. 3.8 Changes in Intruder Attacks and Tools As time goes by, the types of computer security incidents and attacks, along with methods, tools, and techniques used by intruders, continue to evolve. During the 1980s, intruders primarily exploited passwords and known vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Later, intruders moved on to exploit protocol flaws, examine source code for new security flaws, install network sniffer programs, use IP source address spoofing in attacks, and conduct widespread, automated scanning of the Internet to identify additional targets. In each of these progressions, the more knowledgeable intruders have transferred their “expertise” to novices by creating easy-to-use exploitation scripts and increasingly sophisticated toolkits, while taking advantage of the currently available technologies. Figure 14 demonstrates how the required intruder knowledge (curved line) has decreased over time in comparison to the increase in the sophistication of attacks and intruder tools (straight line). Today intruders with little knowledge can execute sophisticated attacks with the click of a button, as the intruder tools have combined and automated tools for finding and exploiting vulnerable systems. CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001 109
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State of the Practice of Computer S
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This report was prepared for the SE
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3.1.3 Total Registered CSIRTs......
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iv CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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viii CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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x CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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This document provides a view of th
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• Katherine Fithen for her contin
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xvi CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Although CSIRTs have been in existe
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ased on a sampling of CSIRTs done v
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future growth. It can also be used
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The participating CSIRTs also repre
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10 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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ole. This may include providing sec
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• Incident response is the action
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Model Coordinating CSIRT Descriptio
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After the worm had been successfull
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2.3.2 The Creation of FIRST In Augu
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Up until this point, only one or tw
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the other teams. Again, the communi
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into a course for new incident hand
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These early teams have become leade
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2.3.5 Initiatives in Latin America
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stituency is the research network a
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In September 2003, the U.S. Departm
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36 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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• There is not one entity for reg
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Table 4 combines the total number o
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In looking at the growth of teams e
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Table 6: North American and Europea
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3.1.5 Other Trends Other trends we
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Figure 10: Example of Team Sponsors
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service providers, or nation states
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their web pages. This may also be t
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A CSIRT, due to its position, may a
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Malaysia Computer Emergency Respons
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Seminars include Intrusion Detectio
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TRANSITS Training Workshop http://w
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Certification Organizations Current
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Article 10 - Offences related to in
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accessing legal implications coordi
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http://thomas.loc.gov/ Bills, Publi
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18 U.S.C. § 1832 - Theft of trade
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http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi
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SecurityFocus Online - Library Comp
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U.S. House of Representatives - Off
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CERT Coordination Center The CERT/C
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CIO/FBI/USSS These are the CIO Cybe
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CIO CYBERTHREAT RESPONSE & REPORTIN
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asic information that is included i
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Department of Justice Computer Crim
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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CONTRIBUTORS INDUSTRY Peter Allor M
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Nebraska Information Technology Com
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COMPUTER INCIDENT REPORTING SHORT F
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3. Has your agency experienced this
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a. System(s) disconnected from the
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6. (Optional) Updates to policies a
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COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT HANDLING
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Steele The Information Assurance Te
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Network Incident Report United Stat
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Details for Probes and Scans Appare
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Details for Unauthorized Access (co
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Van Wyk and Forno In their book Inc
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Bibliography All URLs are valid as
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[Caloyannides 01] Caloyannides, Mic
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[Ferreira 96] Ferreira, Joao Nuno;
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[Kossakowski 00] Kossakowski, Klaus
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[Scalet 02] Scalet, Sarah. “Risk:
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[van Wyk 01] van Wyk, Kenneth R. &
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Index @stake, 157 abnormal network
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CIO, 84, 92 CIRC, 13 CIRT, 13 CISSP
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internal, 14, 92 internal centraliz
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incident handling, 84 reporting, 92
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security, 56, 124 support staff, 73
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incoming information, 74 priority s
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survey, xii, 5, 49, 52, 55, 67, 71,
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