State of the Practice of Computer Security Incident Response Teams ...

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Figure 14: Attack Sophistication Versus Required Intruder Knowledge In 2002, the CERT/CC published a short paper, “Overview of Attack Trends” [CERT 02b], which highlighted these major trends: • automation and speed of attack tools The level of automation of attack tools continues to increase. Today’s scanning tools use more advanced scanning patterns to maximize impact and speed. Some tools exploit identified vulnerabilities as part of the scanning activity, and others may self-initiate a new attack on those compromised systems, increasing the speed of propagation. Distributed attack tools have enabled attackers to manage and coordinate large numbers of deployed attack tools distributed across the Internet. These distributed attack tools can not only launch DoS attacks more efficiently, but also scan for other potential victims and compromise vulnerable systems, while taking advantage of readily available public communications protocols (such as Internet Relay Chat and instant messaging) to coordinate their functions. • increasing sophistication of attack tools 110 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
Attack tools are more difficult to detect and discover, due to the anti-forensic nature, dynamic behavior, and modularity of these tools. Attack tool developers use techniques to hide the nature of their attack. Some tools can vary the patterns and behaviors at random, through predefined decision paths, or through direct intruder management. And the modularity of some tools can allow polymorphic tools to self-evolve, as well as tools that can run on multiple operating system platforms. • faster discovery of vulnerabilities The number of newly discovered vulnerabilities reported to the CERT/CC continues to double each year, making it more difficult for administrators to keep up to date with patches. • increasing permeability of firewalls Although firewalls are often relied upon to provide primary protection from intruders, technologies and protocols are being designed to bypass typical firewall configurations. Some of this also arises from increased demands for off-site access and more complex protocols being allowed through the firewall. • increasingly asymmetric threat A single attacker can relatively easily employ a large number of distributed systems to launch devastating attacks against a single victim. Each Internet system’s exposure to attack depends on the state of security of the rest of the systems attached to the global Internet. • increasing threat from infrastructure attacks Attacks that affect key components of the Internet can broadly affect organizations and users who have increasing dependency on the Internet. Distributed DoS attacks, worms and viruses, attacks on the Internet Domain Name System (DNS)), and attacks against routers are among the infrastructure attacks that have the potential to disrupt day-to-day business. The impacts of these infrastructure attacks are denial of service, compromise of sensitive information, misinformation, and having time and resources diverted from other tasks. These trends still hold true at the date of the publishing of this report. One trend that has actually continued to increase, creating a major impact on CSIRTs and their related constituencies, is the speed of attacks. With worms such as Slammer and Blaster, and mass email spreading viruses like Sobig.F, the time to respond to an incident has become drastically reduced. Because of this, CSIRTS and their constituencies need to be more prepared to take actions that previously might not have been acceptable, such as blocking certain types of traffic or shutting down certain services to stop the spread of activity. Some of the actions taken may cause undesirable affects. For example, when the Slammer worm hit in January 2003, many sites had to block SQL traffic, causing an impact on legitimate services running on non-infected systems, as part of a way to stop the worm from spreading. In cases such as these, CSIRT and IT staff have to take quick action; there may not be time for discussion with CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001 111
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State of the Practice of Computer S
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This report was prepared for the SE
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3.1.3 Total Registered CSIRTs......
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This document provides a view of th
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• Katherine Fithen for her contin
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Although CSIRTs have been in existe
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ased on a sampling of CSIRTs done v
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future growth. It can also be used
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The participating CSIRTs also repre
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10 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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ole. This may include providing sec
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• Incident response is the action
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Model Coordinating CSIRT Descriptio
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After the worm had been successfull
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2.3.2 The Creation of FIRST In Augu
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Up until this point, only one or tw
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the other teams. Again, the communi
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into a course for new incident hand
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These early teams have become leade
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2.3.5 Initiatives in Latin America
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stituency is the research network a
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In September 2003, the U.S. Departm
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36 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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• There is not one entity for reg
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Table 4 combines the total number o
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In looking at the growth of teams e
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Table 6: North American and Europea
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3.1.5 Other Trends Other trends we
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Figure 10: Example of Team Sponsors
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service providers, or nation states
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their web pages. This may also be t
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A CSIRT, due to its position, may a
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Malaysia Computer Emergency Respons
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data collection, the use of analysi
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Page 100 and 101: promote “higher education in info
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Page 138 and 139: 3.9.2 United States Cyber Crime Law
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Page 154 and 155: standards for incident handling met
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TRANSITS Training Workshop http://w
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Certification Organizations Current
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Article 10 - Offences related to in
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accessing legal implications coordi
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http://thomas.loc.gov/ Bills, Publi
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18 U.S.C. § 1832 - Theft of trade
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http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi
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SecurityFocus Online - Library Comp
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U.S. House of Representatives - Off
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CERT Coordination Center The CERT/C
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CIO/FBI/USSS These are the CIO Cybe
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CIO CYBERTHREAT RESPONSE & REPORTIN
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asic information that is included i
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Department of Justice Computer Crim
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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CONTRIBUTORS INDUSTRY Peter Allor M
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Nebraska Information Technology Com
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COMPUTER INCIDENT REPORTING SHORT F
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3. Has your agency experienced this
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a. System(s) disconnected from the
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6. (Optional) Updates to policies a
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COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT HANDLING
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Steele The Information Assurance Te
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Network Incident Report United Stat
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Details for Probes and Scans Appare
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Details for Unauthorized Access (co
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Van Wyk and Forno In their book Inc
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Bibliography All URLs are valid as
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[Caloyannides 01] Caloyannides, Mic
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[Ferreira 96] Ferreira, Joao Nuno;
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[Kossakowski 00] Kossakowski, Klaus
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[Scalet 02] Scalet, Sarah. “Risk:
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[van Wyk 01] van Wyk, Kenneth R. &
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Index @stake, 157 abnormal network
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CIO, 84, 92 CIRC, 13 CIRT, 13 CISSP
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internal, 14, 92 internal centraliz
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incident handling, 84 reporting, 92
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security, 56, 124 support staff, 73
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incoming information, 74 priority s
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survey, xii, 5, 49, 52, 55, 67, 71,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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