State of the Practice of Computer Security Incident Response Teams ...

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into a course for new incident handling staff. This training is supported by the European Union so that new CSIRT team members can attend the training for a nominal fee. 25 Another benefit of this group is the opportunity for members of various teams to meet each other face-to-face at meetings throughout the year. Operational phone calls and data exchanges are easier when people get to know one another. The TF-CSIRT has been successful in providing this type of forum for many of the European CSIRTs and has offered real opportunities for collaboration and coordination, as can be seen by the projects mentioned previously. Another significant achievement of the group has been the successful expansion of its activities beyond the original research networks by attracting commercial and government teams as participants as well. Another successful outcome of this new approach to CSIRT collaboration was the Trusted Introducer or TI. This group took over the job of maintaining a directory of European CSIRTs. Along with the directory, the TI provides an accreditation service. Directories maintained previous to the TI (1995-1997 by DFN-CERT, 1998-1999 by EuroCERT) of European CSIRTs really meant work in terms of infrastructure and maintenance. The TI was able to provide this supported infrastructure. The first step towards the TI service was an analysis undertaken in early 2000. The analysis was commissioned by TERENA (another facilitation to get things started) and in its own words: The aim of this report is to describe TI: an objective process meant to be applied to teams within the above defined scope [CSIRTs], that will enable teams new to the CSIRT community to move to a level where other teams will find it relatively easy to share information with them and work with them on incidents (in other words: to trust them) - and that will enable teams (also the already established ones) to stay on that level. To ensure the process’s objectivity TI will be fully based on objective statements that can be verified [Kossakowski 00]. A large point of discussion between teams was whether a form of certification rather than accreditation should be done as part of the TI work. Most teams felt unsure whether certification was really necessary and many thought that the issues involved were not well understood at the time. Concentrating on achievable goals, it was decided to go along with an accreditation framework. Based on very positive feedback on the report, the teams decided to implement the TI approach. After a call for tender, the TI service started on September 1, 2000, with initial fund- 25 See for more information about the project. 26 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
ing from TERENA, switching to funding by membership fees of accredited teams after the first year of operation. 26 So while many people had expected much more from the EuroCERT project, the lack of a common understanding of what a “Coordination Center” would provide and how such a center would be different from any other CSIRT brought the project to an end. But the knowledge gained from this project resulted in a new concept for collaboration of CSIRTs. This concept focused on smaller and much more understandable and manageable goals and involved a format of volunteers from different teams, providing their insights, expertise, and time. In the end it enabled a much better support for European CSIRTs than was expected to be reached by the end of 1999. 2.3.3.3 Trends in European Teams Today Many of the first European CSIRTs were developed to provide incident handling for academic research networks. Today, we see a growth in not only commercial CSIRTs in Europe but also the development of government CSIRTs such as GOVCERT.NL, 27 the national government CSIRT for the Netherlands. 2.3.4 Initiatives in the Asia Pacific Region Although there were security teams established on an informal basis in the Asia Pacific region in the early 1990s, the first recognized CSIRT there was AusCERT. AusCERT was established in 1993 under its original name the Security Emergency Response Team (SERT). Initial funding and support was provided through a collaboration of three Australian universities: Queensland University of Technology, Griffith University, and The University of Queensland. Over time SERT evolved into AusCERT, the Australian Computer Emergency Response Team [Smith 94]. Its funding is now provided through membership subscription fees and some government funding [AusCERT 03]. In 1999 Australia was selected to host the FIRST conference to bring attention to the emerging growth of teams in the Asia Pacific region. More CSIRTs in the Asia Pacific region were formed in 1996 and 1997. Some teams started out as voluntary organizations and then later were given government funding to be national teams. The Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center-Korea (CERTCC- KR), the Japan Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center (JPCERT/CC) and the Singapore Computer Emergency Response Team (SingCERT) are examples of teams that received government funding and were early innovators in CSIRT development in the Asia Pacific. All became FIRST members. 26 27 For more information see . CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001 27
Page 1: State of the Practice of Computer S
Page 4 and 5: This report was prepared for the SE
Page 6 and 7: 3.1.3 Total Registered CSIRTs......
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Page 18 and 19: • Katherine Fithen for her contin
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Page 22 and 23: Although CSIRTs have been in existe
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Page 26 and 27: future growth. It can also be used
Page 28 and 29: The participating CSIRTs also repre
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Page 32 and 33: ole. This may include providing sec
Page 34 and 35: • Incident response is the action
Page 36 and 37: Model Coordinating CSIRT Descriptio
Page 38 and 39: After the worm had been successfull
Page 40 and 41: 2.3.2 The Creation of FIRST In Augu
Page 42 and 43: Up until this point, only one or tw
Page 44 and 45: the other teams. Again, the communi
Page 48 and 49: These early teams have become leade
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Page 52 and 53: stituency is the research network a
Page 54 and 55: In September 2003, the U.S. Departm
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Page 58 and 59: • There is not one entity for reg
Page 60 and 61: Table 4 combines the total number o
Page 62 and 63: In looking at the growth of teams e
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Page 66 and 67: 3.1.5 Other Trends Other trends we
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Page 70 and 71: service providers, or nation states
Page 72 and 73: their web pages. This may also be t
Page 74 and 75: A CSIRT, due to its position, may a
Page 76 and 77: Malaysia Computer Emergency Respons
Page 78 and 79: data collection, the use of analysi
Page 80 and 81: Dittrich goes on to say that a big
Page 82 and 83: • insider abuse of internal compu
Page 84 and 85: Making the case to management to ga
Page 86 and 87: • Security quality management ser
Page 88 and 89: • perform artifact analysis (66%)
Page 90 and 91: • Distributed dedicated CSIRTs: 1
Page 92 and 93: Not surprisingly, in the majority o
Page 94 and 95: tended team is formed by temporaril
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• audit and risk management speci
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As the field of incident handling a
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promote “higher education in info
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3.7.1 Defining Computer Security In
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3.7.1.1 Security Incident Taxonomy
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• identifying the staff and neces
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Other flow diagrams and charts have
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• Rule #1: Don’t Panic! • Rul
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3.7.5.1 Data Fields Many CSIRTs hav
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formats for exchanging incident dat
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Level/Priority Low Type of Incident
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priority), yellow (cautionary alert
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way, the combined and coordination
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Whoever does this work must not onl
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• staff misuse of company system
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Effective teams will have a plan in
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• 83% of the education CSIRTs sha
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Figure 14: Attack Sophistication Ve
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service managers or customers. Such
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As the volume of incident and vulne
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enabling better cooperation and ass
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3.9.2 United States Cyber Crime Law
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3.10.1.2 Trusted Introducer for CSI
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3.10.1.5 Asia Pacific Computer Emer
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For more information see: http://ce
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3.10.3.3 Distributed Intrusion Dete
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3.10.5 Research CSIRTs and security
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3.12 Resources 3.12.1 Case Study Ex
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132 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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standards for incident handling met
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• management support and trust fr
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We are seeking opportunities to col
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140 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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3. If yes, who is that constituency
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. __ Distributed dedicated team (te
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e. __ answering hotline/help desk c
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26. What are your business hours? _
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e. __ Audit or Risk Management Depa
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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156 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Seminars include Intrusion Detectio
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TRANSITS Training Workshop http://w
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Certification Organizations Current
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164 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Article 10 - Offences related to in
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accessing legal implications coordi
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http://thomas.loc.gov/ Bills, Publi
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18 U.S.C. § 1832 - Theft of trade
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http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi
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SecurityFocus Online - Library Comp
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U.S. House of Representatives - Off
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CERT Coordination Center The CERT/C
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CIO/FBI/USSS These are the CIO Cybe
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CIO CYBERTHREAT RESPONSE & REPORTIN
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asic information that is included i
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Department of Justice Computer Crim
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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CONTRIBUTORS INDUSTRY Peter Allor M
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Nebraska Information Technology Com
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COMPUTER INCIDENT REPORTING SHORT F
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3. Has your agency experienced this
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a. System(s) disconnected from the
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6. (Optional) Updates to policies a
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COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT HANDLING
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Steele The Information Assurance Te
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Network Incident Report United Stat
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Details for Probes and Scans Appare
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Details for Unauthorized Access (co
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Van Wyk and Forno In their book Inc
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Bibliography All URLs are valid as
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[Caloyannides 01] Caloyannides, Mic
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[Ferreira 96] Ferreira, Joao Nuno;
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[Kossakowski 00] Kossakowski, Klaus
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[Scalet 02] Scalet, Sarah. “Risk:
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[van Wyk 01] van Wyk, Kenneth R. &
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Index @stake, 157 abnormal network
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CIO, 84, 92 CIRC, 13 CIRT, 13 CISSP
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internal, 14, 92 internal centraliz
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incident handling, 84 reporting, 92
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security, 56, 124 support staff, 73
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incoming information, 74 priority s
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survey, xii, 5, 49, 52, 55, 67, 71,
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