State of the Practice of Computer Security Incident Response Teams ...

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stituency is the research network at Rio Grande do Sul state. Since then several other teams have started their operations in Brazil. Currently there are more than 20 teams established, mainly in the commercial and academic areas. Most are either security teams that perform incident response or are internal centralized CSIRTs. 43 Another example of the growth in CSIRTS in Brazil can be seen on a web site that lists some other Brazilian CSIRTs. 44 Besides the already mentioned NBSO and CAIS/RNP CSIRTs, other teams listed include those for the Brazilian Federal Police and other CSIRTs for various universities and research institutions and telecommunication institutions. This list gives an indication of the types of non-FIRST member teams that are being created in Latin America. 2.3.6 Developments in Canada Canada has seen an interest in and development of CSIRTs across its various sectors: commercial, military, government, and education. Currently there are four registered teams from Canada that are members of FIRST [FIRST 03]: • BMO ISIRT – Bank of Montreal InfoSec Incident Response Team. According to its FIRST Team member information, BMO ISIRT’s constituency is “The Bank of Montreal.” • CdnCIRCC – Canadian Computer Incident Response Coordination Centre. 45 According to its FIRST Team member information, CdnCIRCC’s constituency includes “sectors comprising the critical infrastructure of Canada—energy and utilities, communications, services (health, financial and food), transportation (all modes), safety (nuclear safety, search and rescue, and emergency services), government (government-wide critical operations).” • DND CIRT – Department of National Defence CIRT, whose constituency is the Department of National Defence in Canada. • EWA-Canada/CanCERT – EWA-Canada/Canadian Computer Emergency Response Team. 46 According to its FIRST Team member information, EWA’s constituency is “Canadian government, business and academic organizations.” This list gives a good idea of the types of Canadian organizations that are implementing CSIRTs: financial institutions and other commercial organizations, military and police or- 43 44 45 46 The information about Brazilian CSIRTs was contributed by NBSO. The list can be found at . For more information on CdnCIRCC, see . For more information on CanCERT, see . 32 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
ganizations, and government organizations. The 2003 FIRST conference was held in Ottawa, the Canadian capital. Many different CSIRT initiatives at various levels of government in Canada are being implemented. Work is going on at the country, province, territory, and city level. Some provincial government CSIRTs have been operating for a few years, while others are in the process of standing up their team. The focal point of incident handling at the country level is the Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness) (OCIPEP). OCIPEP is a civilian organization operating in the Canadian government’s Department of National Defence. OCIPEP works under the concept of partnerships. Its web site states that “protecting critical infrastructure and responding to emergencies is a shared responsibility in Canada, requiring the full cooperation and effort of Government of Canada departments and agencies, provinces and territories, municipalities and the private sector” [OCIPEP 03]. “OCIPEP’s Infrastructure Protection Coordination Centre monitors physical and cyber threats (24 hours a day/7 days per week) and serves as a central point of contact for threat and incident information. Related information is currently received from and sent to the Government of Canada, provincial and territorial governments, and the private sector” [OCIPEP 03]. 2.3.7 Developments in the United States Many different types of CSIRTs have also been developing over the years in the United States. As can be seen in the next section, there are currently over 70 U.S. teams that are FIRST members. These teams come from many sectors, including military, government, education, critical-infrastructures, financial, ISP, non-profit, and commercial organizations. There are many, many more U.S. teams that are not FIRST members. Some of the areas where we see the biggest growth in CSIRTs have been commercial and critical infrastructure organizations. Most branches of the U.S. military have their own CSIRTs. Many federal agencies also have their own teams or are in the process of creating them. One of the newest areas where we see interest and initiatives in creating CSIRTs is at the state government level. State governments are receiving mounting pressure to meet their compliance requirements with various laws and regulations regarding data privacy and cyber security. In 2003 a report by Zeichner Risk Analytics concluded that the majority of states have not met these requirements and regulations. The report also called for states to work together to come up with a nationwide process for implementing and developing cyber-security laws and policies [Zeichner 03]. CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001 33
Page 1: State of the Practice of Computer S
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Page 22 and 23: Although CSIRTs have been in existe
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Page 26 and 27: future growth. It can also be used
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Page 32 and 33: ole. This may include providing sec
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Page 36 and 37: Model Coordinating CSIRT Descriptio
Page 38 and 39: After the worm had been successfull
Page 40 and 41: 2.3.2 The Creation of FIRST In Augu
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Page 44 and 45: the other teams. Again, the communi
Page 46 and 47: into a course for new incident hand
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Page 54 and 55: In September 2003, the U.S. Departm
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Page 58 and 59: • There is not one entity for reg
Page 60 and 61: Table 4 combines the total number o
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Page 66 and 67: 3.1.5 Other Trends Other trends we
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Page 70 and 71: service providers, or nation states
Page 72 and 73: their web pages. This may also be t
Page 74 and 75: A CSIRT, due to its position, may a
Page 76 and 77: Malaysia Computer Emergency Respons
Page 78 and 79: data collection, the use of analysi
Page 80 and 81: Dittrich goes on to say that a big
Page 82 and 83: • insider abuse of internal compu
Page 84 and 85: Making the case to management to ga
Page 86 and 87: • Security quality management ser
Page 88 and 89: • perform artifact analysis (66%)
Page 90 and 91: • Distributed dedicated CSIRTs: 1
Page 92 and 93: Not surprisingly, in the majority o
Page 94 and 95: tended team is formed by temporaril
Page 96 and 97: • audit and risk management speci
Page 98 and 99: As the field of incident handling a
Page 100 and 101: promote “higher education in info
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3.7.1 Defining Computer Security In
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3.7.1.1 Security Incident Taxonomy
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• identifying the staff and neces
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Other flow diagrams and charts have
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• Rule #1: Don’t Panic! • Rul
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3.7.5.1 Data Fields Many CSIRTs hav
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formats for exchanging incident dat
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Level/Priority Low Type of Incident
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priority), yellow (cautionary alert
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way, the combined and coordination
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Whoever does this work must not onl
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• staff misuse of company system
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Effective teams will have a plan in
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• 83% of the education CSIRTs sha
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Figure 14: Attack Sophistication Ve
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service managers or customers. Such
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As the volume of incident and vulne
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enabling better cooperation and ass
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3.9.2 United States Cyber Crime Law
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3.10.1.2 Trusted Introducer for CSI
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3.10.1.5 Asia Pacific Computer Emer
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For more information see: http://ce
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3.10.3.3 Distributed Intrusion Dete
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3.10.5 Research CSIRTs and security
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3.12 Resources 3.12.1 Case Study Ex
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132 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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standards for incident handling met
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• management support and trust fr
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We are seeking opportunities to col
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3. If yes, who is that constituency
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. __ Distributed dedicated team (te
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e. __ answering hotline/help desk c
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26. What are your business hours? _
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e. __ Audit or Risk Management Depa
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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Type and Title of Publication Autho
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156 CMU/SEI-2003-TR-001
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Seminars include Intrusion Detectio
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TRANSITS Training Workshop http://w
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Certification Organizations Current
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Article 10 - Offences related to in
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accessing legal implications coordi
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http://thomas.loc.gov/ Bills, Publi
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18 U.S.C. § 1832 - Theft of trade
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http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi
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SecurityFocus Online - Library Comp
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U.S. House of Representatives - Off
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CERT Coordination Center The CERT/C
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CIO/FBI/USSS These are the CIO Cybe
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CIO CYBERTHREAT RESPONSE & REPORTIN
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asic information that is included i
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Department of Justice Computer Crim
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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FBI & USSS FIELD OFFICES TELEPHONE/
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CONTRIBUTORS INDUSTRY Peter Allor M
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Nebraska Information Technology Com
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COMPUTER INCIDENT REPORTING SHORT F
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3. Has your agency experienced this
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a. System(s) disconnected from the
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6. (Optional) Updates to policies a
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COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT HANDLING
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Steele The Information Assurance Te
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Network Incident Report United Stat
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Details for Probes and Scans Appare
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Details for Unauthorized Access (co
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Van Wyk and Forno In their book Inc
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Bibliography All URLs are valid as
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[Caloyannides 01] Caloyannides, Mic
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[Ferreira 96] Ferreira, Joao Nuno;
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[Kossakowski 00] Kossakowski, Klaus
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[Scalet 02] Scalet, Sarah. “Risk:
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[van Wyk 01] van Wyk, Kenneth R. &
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Index @stake, 157 abnormal network
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CIO, 84, 92 CIRC, 13 CIRT, 13 CISSP
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internal, 14, 92 internal centraliz
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incident handling, 84 reporting, 92
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security, 56, 124 support staff, 73
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incoming information, 74 priority s
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survey, xii, 5, 49, 52, 55, 67, 71,
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