(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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(NAPS) Network measures these substances in ambient air. Objectives are described for three ranges of pollutant concentration in the ambient air: desirable, acceptable and tolerable, and these correspond to degrees of environmental damage or potential health effects. The desirable objectives are levels the most stringent of NAAQOs. 4.1.2. Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has established Canada-Wide Standards (CWS). Other than standards for PM and Ozone which are the object of this report, the standards relevant for the Base Metals Smelting Sector are those for Mercury 108 . Existing facilities are expected to make a determined effort to meet the mercury standard by 2008. New facilities will be expected to achieve compliance immediately upon full-scale operation. As discussed in Chapter 3, there are activities underway to characterize emissions of dioxins and furans from Canadian base metals smelters. 4.1.3. British Columbia The “Pollution Control Objectives for The Mining, Smelting and Related Industries of British Columbia 109 ” (1979) established recommended emission limits to be considered when issuing site-specific waste management permits. The BC guidelines specify: ambient air control objectives; control objectives for gaseous and particulate emissions; and control objectives for gaseous and particulate emissions for specific process. The processes relevant to the base metal smelting industry are copper smelting, lead smelting and refining, and zinc smelting. 4.1.4. Alberta The Substance Release Regulation 110 (Alta. Reg. 124/93) provides for certain operations a limit on the concentration of particulates in each effluent stream from prescribed operations expressed as mg/kg of effluent. Effluent is defined in the regulation as, “any substance in a gaseous medium released by or from a plant”. This regulation also establishes allowable limits for lead and particulate matter emissions from secondary lead smelters, which reflects the requirements of the CEPA Secondary Lead Smelter Release Regulations. 108 Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Canada-wide Standards for Mercury. URL: http://www.ccme.ca/3e_priorities/3ea_harmonization/3ea2_cws/3ea2.html 109 Pollution Control Objectives for the Mining, Smelting, and Related Industries of British Columbia, Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, 1979 110 Substance Release Regulation Alta. Reg. 124/93, As amended by: Alta. Reg. 191/96 made under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act [Formerly: Air Emissions Regulation - changed by Alta. Reg. 191/96] 120
The “Alberta Ambient Air Quality Guidelines 111 ”, provide ambient environmental air quality objectives for Alberta. 4.1.5. Manitoba Manitoba enacted a site-specific regulation 112 for Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting and Inco Thompson to control emissions of particulate matter and sulphur dioxide. The regulation is titled “Inco Limited and Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Co. Limited Smelter Complex Regulation Manitoba Reg. 165/88. Manitoba’s Objectives and Guidelines for Various Air Pollutants Ambient Air Quality Criteria provide ambient environmental air quality objectives for Manitoba. 4.1.6. Ontario (Sudbury) Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions from INCO Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd. in Sudbury are regulated under orders issued by the Ministry of the Environment in 1978, and revised in 1983 113 . Under these orders, the companies are limited to a maximum hourly ground level concentration average of 0.5 parts per million (ppm) of SO 2 . On September 6, 2001, the Ministry of the Environment proposed new orders that became effective April 1, 2002. These require, among other things, Inco Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd. smelter emissions to not exceed a maximum hourly ground level concentration of 0.34 ppm of SO 2 on a rolling hourly average basis. In addition, both facilities will have their annual SO 2 emissions cap reduce by 34% by 2007 from the emissions cap set in 1994. 4.1.7. Ontario (Other) Ontario’s General - Air Pollution Regulation 114 (Environmental Protection Act R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 346) is designed to regulate most stationary sources of air pollution. The regulation requires that prescribed ambient air concentrations for prescribed pollutants are met at the Point of Impingement (POI) as determined by atmospheric modelling protocols set out in the guidelines for these substances are provided in the Summary of Point of Impingement Standards, Point of Impingement Guidelines and Ambient Air Quality Criteria (AAQCs) 115 .. The regulated party is required to meet the point of impingement limits through changes such as modifying process equipment, changing stack height, installing control equipment and/or switching to less harmful feed substances. The regulation also specifies opacity standards. 111 Alberta Ambient Air Quality Guidelines 112 Inco Limited and Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Co., Limited Smelter Complex Regulation Man. Reg. 165/88 113 Ontario Ministry of the Environment. URL: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/sudbury/sudbury.htm 114 General -- Air Pollution (Environmental Protection Act R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 346), As amended by: O. Reg. 795/94; 526/98. URL: http://192.75.156.68:81/ISYSquery/IRL30D5.tmp/4/doc 115 Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Standards Development Branch, Summary of Point of Impingement Standards, Point of Impingement Guidelines and Ambient Air Quality Criteria (AAQCs), November 1999. 121
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FINAL REPORT Multi-pollutant Emissi
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Acknowledgments The principal autho
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Summary The purpose of the report i
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• Recommendations to address info
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• The Minerals and Metals Foundat
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The next series of tables illustrat
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1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00
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S.4 Current emission management pra
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− The EPA has started developing
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T.1 Technical Options for Emission
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The predicted future releases and t
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Noranda Gaspé Rest of Sector** Sit
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Recommendation #3 It is also recomm
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2.4.8. Leaching ...................
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4.1.11.6. Mercury..................
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Figure 35: 2000 Nickel - Air Emissi
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Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
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1. Introduction The purpose of the
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strong surrogate for fine particles
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• These sectors are common to mos
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(a) have or may have an immediate o
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2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Sector Def
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2.3. Base Metals Smelting Processes
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2.3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment of
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Metallic impurities either dissolve
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2.4. Environmental Concerns 29 The
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sulphur dioxide in the off-gases th
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2.5. Canadian Base Metals Smelters
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ammonium sulphate fertilizers. The
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The copper smelter uses pyrometallu
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copper, zinc, cadmium and indium, a
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2.6.6.2. Noranda Inc., Division CEZ
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2.7. Key Industrial Associations Ex
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In terms of tonnage, zinc ranks fir
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Table 4: Canadian Base Metals Expor
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ased 62 pricing system. In response
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The LME has a multi-tiered membersh
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The BMSS IT held ten meetings betwe
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3.1.1.2. Smelters Emissions Testing
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achieve their commitments, are publ
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All the companies mentioned in this
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emoved for processing in the Copper
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Lead Concentrate Zinc Residue Lead
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3.2.2. Sherritt International Corpo
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3.2.2.5. Cobalt conversion and redu
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Figure 4: Sherritt Metals Refinery
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The blister copper is then treated
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Figure 6: Hudson Bay Mining and Sme
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Figure 7: Inco Thompson Nickel Smel
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3.2.5. Falconbridge Limited, Kidd M
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electrostatic precipitator dust fro
Page 107 and 108: Figure 10: Falconbridge Kidd Copper
Page 109 and 110: 3.2.6. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12: Falconbridge Sudbury Nic
Page 113 and 114: from the fluid bed roasters are tre
Page 115 and 116: Figure 14: Inco Copper Cliff Nickel
Page 117 and 118: 3.2.8. Inco Port Colborne 87 Figure
Page 119 and 120: 3.2.9. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
Page 121 and 122: Figure 17: Noranda Horne Copper Sme
Page 123 and 124: Figure 18: Noranda CEZ Zinc Plant T
Page 125 and 126: Fugitive emissions from the TBRC op
Page 127 and 128: 3.2.12. Noranda Inc., Division Mine
Page 129 and 130: Figure 20: Noranda Gaspé Copper Sm
Page 131 and 132: with water to preserve the environm
Page 133 and 134: 3.3. Analysis of Emissions 3.3.1. T
Page 135 and 136: Table 6: Historical Trends of Total
Page 137 and 138: Table 8: Historical Trends of Arsen
Page 139 and 140: Table 10: Historical Trends of Lead
Page 141 and 142: Table 12: Historical Trends of Nick
Page 143 and 144: 350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Secto
Page 145 and 146: 1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 6
Page 147 and 148: Table 13: Releases of Dioxins and F
Page 149 and 150: 3.4. Other Current Emissions Inform
Page 151 and 152: Sulphur Dioxide - Air EPI 4500 4000
Page 153 and 154: Cadium - Air EPI 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
Page 155 and 156: Mercury- Air EPI 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 157: 4. CURRENT EMISSION MANAGEMENT PRAC
Page 161 and 162: 4.1.9. New Brunswick New Brunswick
Page 163 and 164: 4.1.11.1. Particulate Matter Table
Page 165 and 166: Table 15: Canadian Ambient Particul
Page 167 and 168: Sulphur Dioxide Releases from Coppe
Page 169 and 170: 4.1.11.3. Arsenic Table 18 shows th
Page 171 and 172: 4.1.11.5. Lead Table 22 shows the C
Page 173 and 174: 4.1.11.6. Mercury Table 24 shows th
Page 175 and 176: 4.1.11.7. Nickel Table 26 shows the
Page 177 and 178: New Source Performance Standards (N
Page 179 and 180: Table 31: US National Emission Stan
Page 181 and 182: In the permitting process, faciliti
Page 183 and 184: Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 185 and 186: 4.2.4. Australia Air quality is con
Page 187 and 188: Table 39: Australia/New South Wales
Page 189 and 190: 4.2.5. Japan Environmental quality
Page 191 and 192: Sulphur dioxide, particulate matter
Page 193 and 194: Table 47: Germany Particulate Matte
Page 195 and 196: Table 51: The Netherlands Sulphur D
Page 197 and 198: Table 53: France Particulate Matter
Page 199 and 200: The Environment Protection (Prescri
Page 201 and 202: Table 60: United Kingdom Releases t
Page 203 and 204: 4.2.12. Other European Countries Ta
Page 205 and 206: 4.3. Best Available Techniques for
Page 207 and 208: 4.4. Options and Preliminary Cost E
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plant. It would be possible to inst
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4.4.2. Inco Limited, Thompson Divis
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4.4.3. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
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4.4.4. Inco Limited, Sudbury/Copper
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4.4.5. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
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4.4.6. Noranda Inc., Division Mines
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Table 78: Technical Options for Emi
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Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
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Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
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Noranda Horne Site Option for Reduc
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5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Appendix A: Health and Environmenta
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List of Acronyms AAQ AAQC ARET BACT
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UN/ECE URL USEPA VCR VOC United Nat
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at the anode and selectively plates
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Sinter: Slag: Slag cleaning: Top Bl
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