(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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Table 74: Technical Options for Emission Reductions from Inco Copper Cliff Technical Option Install Wet Gas Scrubbing Equipment Improve Existing Gas Cleaning System Modernize Process Equipment, combined with state-of-the-art gas processing, including an acid plant. Description Install scrubber on Fluid Bed Roasting off-gas and recover SO 2 in the exisiting acid plant. Install scrubber on TBRC smelting offgas after ESP (Nickel Refinery) Upgrade, relocate or replace ESP #5 (converting off-gas) Install continuous converting technology in the Smelter* . Applicability Comment Already planned by Inco. Exit concentrations not known Sludge disposal costs, etc. need to be addressed The amount of reduction depends on actual project Development work is needed. Potential Reduction Capital Cost (million $) (%) > 97% reduction from 60 - 80 Fluid Bed Roaster gas of CEPA-toxics, PM and SO 2 > 50% of releases from 10 - 40 TBRC of CEPA-toxics, PM and SO 2 >50% reduction from 5 - 30 converting gas of CEPAtoxics and PM > 90% of smelter 200 - 350 releases of CEPA-toxics, PM and SO 2 * This technology is currently under development and requires additional development effort and pilot-scale testing. 178
4.4.5. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec As the percentage of matte processed through the new converter increases to approach 100% in 2002, the amounts of pollutants released will decrease. Noranda reports that this would increase the fixation of incoming sulphur to 90%. The absolute amount of sulphur dioxide released represents a reduction of approximately 90% of the 1980 releases (i.e., 552,000 tonnes). Noranda also reported a reduction of particulate emissions by 50% from current levels. This is a cost effective and environmentally positive next step. It is likely that the emissions reductions of total particulate matter and CEPA-toxics would be much greater than 50%, depending on the extent to which the equipment is modified. This approach is summarized in Table 76. Table 75 provides a summary of the potential releases from the Noranda Horne Smelter in 2008 and beyond 2008. Table 75: Noranda Horne Emission Reductions in 2008 and Beyond Total Matter Parameter 1988 1998 2008 projection 2015 projection Particulate (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) % reduction from 1988 (tonnes) % reduction from 1988 2,900 1,063 500 83% 500 83% Sulphur Dioxide 420,000 117,700 45,000 90% 45,000 90% Arsenic 113 79.1 15.7 86% 15.7 86% Cadmium 39.39 2.55 2.55 90% 2.55 90% Lead 851 153.2 80 90% 80 90% Mercury 1.7 0.25 0.20 88% 0.20 88% Nickel n.m/e 0.5 0.5 cannot be calculated 0.5 cannot be calculated 179
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FINAL REPORT Multi-pollutant Emissi
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Acknowledgments The principal autho
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Summary The purpose of the report i
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• Recommendations to address info
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• The Minerals and Metals Foundat
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The next series of tables illustrat
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1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00
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S.4 Current emission management pra
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− The EPA has started developing
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T.1 Technical Options for Emission
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The predicted future releases and t
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Noranda Gaspé Rest of Sector** Sit
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Recommendation #3 It is also recomm
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2.4.8. Leaching ...................
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4.1.11.6. Mercury..................
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Figure 35: 2000 Nickel - Air Emissi
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Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
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1. Introduction The purpose of the
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strong surrogate for fine particles
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• These sectors are common to mos
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(a) have or may have an immediate o
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2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Sector Def
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2.3. Base Metals Smelting Processes
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2.3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment of
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Metallic impurities either dissolve
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2.4. Environmental Concerns 29 The
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sulphur dioxide in the off-gases th
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2.5. Canadian Base Metals Smelters
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ammonium sulphate fertilizers. The
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The copper smelter uses pyrometallu
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copper, zinc, cadmium and indium, a
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2.6.6.2. Noranda Inc., Division CEZ
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2.7. Key Industrial Associations Ex
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In terms of tonnage, zinc ranks fir
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Table 4: Canadian Base Metals Expor
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ased 62 pricing system. In response
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The LME has a multi-tiered membersh
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The BMSS IT held ten meetings betwe
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3.1.1.2. Smelters Emissions Testing
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achieve their commitments, are publ
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All the companies mentioned in this
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emoved for processing in the Copper
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Lead Concentrate Zinc Residue Lead
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3.2.2. Sherritt International Corpo
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3.2.2.5. Cobalt conversion and redu
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Figure 4: Sherritt Metals Refinery
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The blister copper is then treated
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Figure 6: Hudson Bay Mining and Sme
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Figure 7: Inco Thompson Nickel Smel
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3.2.5. Falconbridge Limited, Kidd M
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electrostatic precipitator dust fro
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Figure 10: Falconbridge Kidd Copper
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3.2.6. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
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Figure 12: Falconbridge Sudbury Nic
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from the fluid bed roasters are tre
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Figure 14: Inco Copper Cliff Nickel
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3.2.8. Inco Port Colborne 87 Figure
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3.2.9. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
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Figure 17: Noranda Horne Copper Sme
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Figure 18: Noranda CEZ Zinc Plant T
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Fugitive emissions from the TBRC op
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3.2.12. Noranda Inc., Division Mine
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Figure 20: Noranda Gaspé Copper Sm
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with water to preserve the environm
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3.3. Analysis of Emissions 3.3.1. T
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Table 6: Historical Trends of Total
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Table 8: Historical Trends of Arsen
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Table 10: Historical Trends of Lead
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Table 12: Historical Trends of Nick
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350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Secto
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1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 6
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Table 13: Releases of Dioxins and F
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3.4. Other Current Emissions Inform
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Sulphur Dioxide - Air EPI 4500 4000
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Cadium - Air EPI 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
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Mercury- Air EPI 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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4. CURRENT EMISSION MANAGEMENT PRAC
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The “Alberta Ambient Air Quality
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4.1.9. New Brunswick New Brunswick
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4.1.11.1. Particulate Matter Table
Page 165 and 166: Table 15: Canadian Ambient Particul
Page 167 and 168: Sulphur Dioxide Releases from Coppe
Page 169 and 170: 4.1.11.3. Arsenic Table 18 shows th
Page 171 and 172: 4.1.11.5. Lead Table 22 shows the C
Page 173 and 174: 4.1.11.6. Mercury Table 24 shows th
Page 175 and 176: 4.1.11.7. Nickel Table 26 shows the
Page 177 and 178: New Source Performance Standards (N
Page 179 and 180: Table 31: US National Emission Stan
Page 181 and 182: In the permitting process, faciliti
Page 183 and 184: Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 185 and 186: 4.2.4. Australia Air quality is con
Page 187 and 188: Table 39: Australia/New South Wales
Page 189 and 190: 4.2.5. Japan Environmental quality
Page 191 and 192: Sulphur dioxide, particulate matter
Page 193 and 194: Table 47: Germany Particulate Matte
Page 195 and 196: Table 51: The Netherlands Sulphur D
Page 197 and 198: Table 53: France Particulate Matter
Page 199 and 200: The Environment Protection (Prescri
Page 201 and 202: Table 60: United Kingdom Releases t
Page 203 and 204: 4.2.12. Other European Countries Ta
Page 205 and 206: 4.3. Best Available Techniques for
Page 207 and 208: 4.4. Options and Preliminary Cost E
Page 209 and 210: plant. It would be possible to inst
Page 211 and 212: 4.4.2. Inco Limited, Thompson Divis
Page 213 and 214: 4.4.3. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
Page 215: 4.4.4. Inco Limited, Sudbury/Copper
Page 219 and 220: 4.4.6. Noranda Inc., Division Mines
Page 221 and 222: Table 78: Technical Options for Emi
Page 223 and 224: Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 225 and 226: Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 227 and 228: Noranda Horne Site Option for Reduc
Page 229 and 230: 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 231 and 232: Appendix A: Health and Environmenta
Page 233 and 234: List of Acronyms AAQ AAQC ARET BACT
Page 235 and 236: UN/ECE URL USEPA VCR VOC United Nat
Page 237 and 238: at the anode and selectively plates
Page 239: Sinter: Slag: Slag cleaning: Top Bl
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(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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