(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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Table 32: US Proposed Particulate Matter Emission Standards for Primary Copper Smelters Source Limit Conditions Existing Copper Concentrate Dryers New Copper Concentrate Dryers Smelting Vessels Slag Cleaning Vessels Copper Converter Copper Converter Fugitive Dust PM - 50 mg/m 3 PM - 23 mg/m 3 Same for Existing and New PM - 23 mg/m 3 Same for Existing and New PM – 46 mg/m 3 PM - 23 mg/m 3 Existing 3% opacity from converter building PM - 23 mg/m 3 New No visible emissions Any type of PM device that meets these values allowed. Bag leak detection on baghouses and continuous parameter monitoring on ESPs and scrubbers Any type of PM device that meets these values allowed. Bag leak detection on baghouses and continuous parameter monitoring on ESPs and scrubbers No applicable conditions No applicable conditions Use of primary and secondary hooding on Peirce-Smith type converters No applicable conditions Development of a fugitive dust control plan 142
In the permitting process, facilities must demonstrate compliance with all federal, state and local regulations. Pollutants, which are reasonably suspected to be emitted from the source will have limits, set in the permit. Permits for the base metals industry will typically contain limits for a combination of PM10 (particulate matter of less than 10 microns in diameter), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), lead and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Limits on these pollutants may also have the effect of controlling the releases of heavy metals. Alternatively, limits for toxic substances may also be specified in the permit. Permits may also control releases by specifying the use of specific technologies so as to reach the desired level. In general, air permits: • Must comply with National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), New Source Performance Standards (NSPS); • Must demonstrate Best Achievable Control Technology (BACT) in attainment areas; • Must demonstrate Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) in nonattainment areas; • Include requirements for scheduling air stack testing and installation of continuous environmental monitoring; and • May include additional limits for heavy metals and other toxics. Under the U.S. EPA’s Risk Management Planning (RMP) Rule [s112 of the Clean Air Act Amendments, 1990], sulphur dioxide is listed as a toxic substance with a threshold quantity of 5,000 lbs. Therefore, those facilities with the potential of hazardous emissions or releases, covered by the RMP rule, must develop and implement a risk management program and maintain documentation of the program at the site. The program includes an analysis of the potential off-site consequences of an accidental release, a 5-year accident history, a release prevention program and an emergency response program. With the RMP rule, releases of sulphur dioxide will be more closely monitored. 143
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FINAL REPORT Multi-pollutant Emissi
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Acknowledgments The principal autho
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Summary The purpose of the report i
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• Recommendations to address info
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• The Minerals and Metals Foundat
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The next series of tables illustrat
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1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00
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S.4 Current emission management pra
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− The EPA has started developing
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T.1 Technical Options for Emission
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The predicted future releases and t
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Noranda Gaspé Rest of Sector** Sit
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Recommendation #3 It is also recomm
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2.4.8. Leaching ...................
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4.1.11.6. Mercury..................
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Figure 35: 2000 Nickel - Air Emissi
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Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
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1. Introduction The purpose of the
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strong surrogate for fine particles
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• These sectors are common to mos
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(a) have or may have an immediate o
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2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Sector Def
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2.3. Base Metals Smelting Processes
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2.3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment of
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Metallic impurities either dissolve
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2.4. Environmental Concerns 29 The
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sulphur dioxide in the off-gases th
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2.5. Canadian Base Metals Smelters
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ammonium sulphate fertilizers. The
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The copper smelter uses pyrometallu
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copper, zinc, cadmium and indium, a
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2.6.6.2. Noranda Inc., Division CEZ
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2.7. Key Industrial Associations Ex
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In terms of tonnage, zinc ranks fir
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Table 4: Canadian Base Metals Expor
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ased 62 pricing system. In response
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The LME has a multi-tiered membersh
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The BMSS IT held ten meetings betwe
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3.1.1.2. Smelters Emissions Testing
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achieve their commitments, are publ
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All the companies mentioned in this
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emoved for processing in the Copper
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Lead Concentrate Zinc Residue Lead
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3.2.2. Sherritt International Corpo
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3.2.2.5. Cobalt conversion and redu
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Figure 4: Sherritt Metals Refinery
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The blister copper is then treated
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Figure 6: Hudson Bay Mining and Sme
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Figure 7: Inco Thompson Nickel Smel
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3.2.5. Falconbridge Limited, Kidd M
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electrostatic precipitator dust fro
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Figure 10: Falconbridge Kidd Copper
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3.2.6. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
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Figure 12: Falconbridge Sudbury Nic
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from the fluid bed roasters are tre
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Figure 14: Inco Copper Cliff Nickel
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3.2.8. Inco Port Colborne 87 Figure
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3.2.9. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
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Figure 17: Noranda Horne Copper Sme
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Figure 18: Noranda CEZ Zinc Plant T
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Fugitive emissions from the TBRC op
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3.2.12. Noranda Inc., Division Mine
Page 129 and 130: Figure 20: Noranda Gaspé Copper Sm
Page 131 and 132: with water to preserve the environm
Page 133 and 134: 3.3. Analysis of Emissions 3.3.1. T
Page 135 and 136: Table 6: Historical Trends of Total
Page 137 and 138: Table 8: Historical Trends of Arsen
Page 139 and 140: Table 10: Historical Trends of Lead
Page 141 and 142: Table 12: Historical Trends of Nick
Page 143 and 144: 350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Secto
Page 145 and 146: 1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 6
Page 147 and 148: Table 13: Releases of Dioxins and F
Page 149 and 150: 3.4. Other Current Emissions Inform
Page 151 and 152: Sulphur Dioxide - Air EPI 4500 4000
Page 153 and 154: Cadium - Air EPI 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
Page 155 and 156: Mercury- Air EPI 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 157 and 158: 4. CURRENT EMISSION MANAGEMENT PRAC
Page 159 and 160: The “Alberta Ambient Air Quality
Page 161 and 162: 4.1.9. New Brunswick New Brunswick
Page 163 and 164: 4.1.11.1. Particulate Matter Table
Page 165 and 166: Table 15: Canadian Ambient Particul
Page 167 and 168: Sulphur Dioxide Releases from Coppe
Page 169 and 170: 4.1.11.3. Arsenic Table 18 shows th
Page 171 and 172: 4.1.11.5. Lead Table 22 shows the C
Page 173 and 174: 4.1.11.6. Mercury Table 24 shows th
Page 175 and 176: 4.1.11.7. Nickel Table 26 shows the
Page 177 and 178: New Source Performance Standards (N
Page 179: Table 31: US National Emission Stan
Page 183 and 184: Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 185 and 186: 4.2.4. Australia Air quality is con
Page 187 and 188: Table 39: Australia/New South Wales
Page 189 and 190: 4.2.5. Japan Environmental quality
Page 191 and 192: Sulphur dioxide, particulate matter
Page 193 and 194: Table 47: Germany Particulate Matte
Page 195 and 196: Table 51: The Netherlands Sulphur D
Page 197 and 198: Table 53: France Particulate Matter
Page 199 and 200: The Environment Protection (Prescri
Page 201 and 202: Table 60: United Kingdom Releases t
Page 203 and 204: 4.2.12. Other European Countries Ta
Page 205 and 206: 4.3. Best Available Techniques for
Page 207 and 208: 4.4. Options and Preliminary Cost E
Page 209 and 210: plant. It would be possible to inst
Page 211 and 212: 4.4.2. Inco Limited, Thompson Divis
Page 213 and 214: 4.4.3. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
Page 215 and 216: 4.4.4. Inco Limited, Sudbury/Copper
Page 217 and 218: 4.4.5. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
Page 219 and 220: 4.4.6. Noranda Inc., Division Mines
Page 221 and 222: Table 78: Technical Options for Emi
Page 223 and 224: Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 225 and 226: Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 227 and 228: Noranda Horne Site Option for Reduc
Page 229 and 230: 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Appendix A: Health and Environmenta
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List of Acronyms AAQ AAQC ARET BACT
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UN/ECE URL USEPA VCR VOC United Nat
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at the anode and selectively plates
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Sinter: Slag: Slag cleaning: Top Bl
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(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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