(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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equires Environment Canada to “publish the national inventory of releases of pollutants”. If they meet criteria, owners and operators of facilities are required by CEPA 1999 to report to the NPRI. The results of the first NPRI were released in 1995, it covered data on pollutants released during 1993. The NPRI is a consistently evolving program. Since the NPRI began, substances have been added and deleted; the thresholds at which some substances have to be reported have been reduced; and requirements for reporting on recycling and energy recovery have been added. The year 2000 list of reportable substances was 268 substances. As of 2002, the list of substances will require the reporting of criteria air contaminants (e.g., oxides of nitrogen (as NO 2 ), sulphur dioxide, particulate matter (total, PM 10 , PM 2.5 ), carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds). Base metals smelting facilities have been required to report any releases of dioxins and furans and hexachlorobenzene to NPRI since 2000. Other recent modifications include: • the addition of hexavalent chromium at a lower threshold; • lower thresholds for cadmium (and its compounds), lead (and its compounds), tetraethyl lead, mercury (and its compounds), and arsenic (and its compounds); • an effluent based trigger for reporting from municipal water treatment facilities; • the delisting of phosphoric acid. 3.1.1.4. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) ARET 71 is a voluntary, non-regulatory program that targets 117 toxic substances, including 30 that persist in the environment and may accumulate in living organisms. ARET’s long term goal is: • Virtual elimination of emission of 30 persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances • Reduction of another 87 toxic substances to levels insufficient to cause harm ARET’s short-term goal for the year 2000 is to reduce: • Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substance emissions by 90 percent • All other toxic substance emissions by 50 percent ARET participants voluntarily commit to reduce their emissions of toxic substances to the environment. Their action plans, which outline how they will 71 Environment Canada. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics. URL: http://www.ec.gc.ca/aret/homee.html 44
achieve their commitments, are publicly available. Each year, participants monitor their emissions and report their results. Results to date (1998) show that ARET participants have made significant progress toward the goals committed to in their action plans. Together, 316 facilities from companies and government organizations have reduced toxic substance emissions to the environment by 26,358 tonnes - a decrease of 67% from base year levels to December 1998. Participants also commit to further reduce their emissions of toxic substances by another 3,052 tonnes by the year 2000, for a total reduction of 29,410 tonnes, a 75 per-cent reduction from baseyear levels. The Mining Association of Canada (MAC) represents the mining and smelting sector in the ARET program. Involvement of MAC members in ARET is at 97 per cent. Emissions reported to ARET from this sector include emissions of Zinc, Cyanides, Lead, Hydrogen Sulphide, Arsenic, Nickel and Copper. 3.1.1.5. Assessments of Releases from Primary and Secondary Copper Smelters and Refineries and Primary and Secondary Zinc Plants Releases from Primary and Secondary Copper Smelters and Copper Refineries and Releases from Primary and Secondary Zinc Smelters and Zinc Refineries were added to the Priority Substances List (PSL) following a recommendation made by the Minister’s Expert Advisory Panel on the Second Priority Substances List 72 . “ The individual chemical components of releases from these facilities include particulate matter, copper, lead, arsenic and sulphuric acid. (…) given the large volumes released and the persistent and hazardous nature of some of these substances, an assessment is required to determine the nature and extent of local and long-range ecological and health effects.” (Ministers’ Expert Advisory Panel. 1995. Report of the Minister’s Expert Advisory Panel on the Second Priority Substances List, under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 26pp. Releases from copper smelters and refineries and zinc plants are complex mixtures containing varying amounts of numerous substances. As most releases (on a mass basis) are discharged to air, these assessments focused on air emissions. Releases to water from all but three of these facilities will be subject to the revised Metal Mining Effluent Regulation (MMER) of the Fisheries Act which includes a requirement for environmental effects monitoring. Such 72 Environment Canada / Health Canada, Assessment Report: Releases from Primary and Secondary Copper Smelters and Copper Refineries, Releases from Primary and Secondary Zinc Smelters and Zinc Refineries Draft Report, June 28, 2000. 45
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FINAL REPORT Multi-pollutant Emissi
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Acknowledgments The principal autho
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Summary The purpose of the report i
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• Recommendations to address info
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• The Minerals and Metals Foundat
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The next series of tables illustrat
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1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00
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S.4 Current emission management pra
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− The EPA has started developing
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T.1 Technical Options for Emission
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The predicted future releases and t
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Noranda Gaspé Rest of Sector** Sit
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Recommendation #3 It is also recomm
Page 31 and 32: 2.4.8. Leaching ...................
Page 33 and 34: 4.1.11.6. Mercury..................
Page 35 and 36: Figure 35: 2000 Nickel - Air Emissi
Page 37 and 38: Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 39 and 40: 1. Introduction The purpose of the
Page 41 and 42: strong surrogate for fine particles
Page 43 and 44: • These sectors are common to mos
Page 45 and 46: (a) have or may have an immediate o
Page 47 and 48: 2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Sector Def
Page 49 and 50: 2.3. Base Metals Smelting Processes
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment of
Page 53 and 54: Metallic impurities either dissolve
Page 55 and 56: 2.4. Environmental Concerns 29 The
Page 57 and 58: sulphur dioxide in the off-gases th
Page 59 and 60: 2.5. Canadian Base Metals Smelters
Page 61 and 62: ammonium sulphate fertilizers. The
Page 63 and 64: The copper smelter uses pyrometallu
Page 65 and 66: copper, zinc, cadmium and indium, a
Page 67 and 68: 2.6.6.2. Noranda Inc., Division CEZ
Page 69 and 70: 2.7. Key Industrial Associations Ex
Page 71 and 72: In terms of tonnage, zinc ranks fir
Page 73 and 74: Table 4: Canadian Base Metals Expor
Page 75 and 76: ased 62 pricing system. In response
Page 77 and 78: The LME has a multi-tiered membersh
Page 79 and 80: The BMSS IT held ten meetings betwe
Page 81: 3.1.1.2. Smelters Emissions Testing
Page 85 and 86: All the companies mentioned in this
Page 87 and 88: emoved for processing in the Copper
Page 89 and 90: Lead Concentrate Zinc Residue Lead
Page 91 and 92: 3.2.2. Sherritt International Corpo
Page 93 and 94: 3.2.2.5. Cobalt conversion and redu
Page 95 and 96: Figure 4: Sherritt Metals Refinery
Page 97 and 98: The blister copper is then treated
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6: Hudson Bay Mining and Sme
Page 101 and 102: Figure 7: Inco Thompson Nickel Smel
Page 103 and 104: 3.2.5. Falconbridge Limited, Kidd M
Page 105 and 106: electrostatic precipitator dust fro
Page 107 and 108: Figure 10: Falconbridge Kidd Copper
Page 109 and 110: 3.2.6. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12: Falconbridge Sudbury Nic
Page 113 and 114: from the fluid bed roasters are tre
Page 115 and 116: Figure 14: Inco Copper Cliff Nickel
Page 117 and 118: 3.2.8. Inco Port Colborne 87 Figure
Page 119 and 120: 3.2.9. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
Page 121 and 122: Figure 17: Noranda Horne Copper Sme
Page 123 and 124: Figure 18: Noranda CEZ Zinc Plant T
Page 125 and 126: Fugitive emissions from the TBRC op
Page 127 and 128: 3.2.12. Noranda Inc., Division Mine
Page 129 and 130: Figure 20: Noranda Gaspé Copper Sm
Page 131 and 132: with water to preserve the environm
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3.3. Analysis of Emissions 3.3.1. T
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Table 6: Historical Trends of Total
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Table 8: Historical Trends of Arsen
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Table 10: Historical Trends of Lead
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Table 12: Historical Trends of Nick
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350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Secto
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1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 6
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Table 13: Releases of Dioxins and F
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3.4. Other Current Emissions Inform
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Sulphur Dioxide - Air EPI 4500 4000
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Cadium - Air EPI 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
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Mercury- Air EPI 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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4. CURRENT EMISSION MANAGEMENT PRAC
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The “Alberta Ambient Air Quality
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4.1.9. New Brunswick New Brunswick
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4.1.11.1. Particulate Matter Table
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Table 15: Canadian Ambient Particul
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Sulphur Dioxide Releases from Coppe
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4.1.11.3. Arsenic Table 18 shows th
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4.1.11.5. Lead Table 22 shows the C
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4.1.11.6. Mercury Table 24 shows th
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4.1.11.7. Nickel Table 26 shows the
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New Source Performance Standards (N
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Table 31: US National Emission Stan
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In the permitting process, faciliti
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Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
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4.2.4. Australia Air quality is con
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Table 39: Australia/New South Wales
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4.2.5. Japan Environmental quality
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Sulphur dioxide, particulate matter
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Table 47: Germany Particulate Matte
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Table 51: The Netherlands Sulphur D
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Table 53: France Particulate Matter
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The Environment Protection (Prescri
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Table 60: United Kingdom Releases t
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4.2.12. Other European Countries Ta
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4.3. Best Available Techniques for
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4.4. Options and Preliminary Cost E
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plant. It would be possible to inst
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4.4.2. Inco Limited, Thompson Divis
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4.4.3. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
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4.4.4. Inco Limited, Sudbury/Copper
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4.4.5. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
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4.4.6. Noranda Inc., Division Mines
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Table 78: Technical Options for Emi
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Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
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Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
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Noranda Horne Site Option for Reduc
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5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Appendix A: Health and Environmenta
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List of Acronyms AAQ AAQC ARET BACT
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UN/ECE URL USEPA VCR VOC United Nat
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at the anode and selectively plates
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Sinter: Slag: Slag cleaning: Top Bl
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(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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