(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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under CEPA 1988. These recommendations include release reduction targets and schedules, the development of environmental performance standards and the development of site-specific environmental management plans. For substances not yet listed on CEPA Schedule 1, strategies are under development and regulations or other instruments respecting preventive or control actions will be proposed within the time requirements imposed by CEPA 1999. To address the SOR recommendations and other emerging issues, Environment Canada has already sponsored two National Workshops on the Environmental Performance of BMS Sector and the development of Environmental Performance Standards for the sector. Participants in the workshops include representatives from the federal and provincial governments, industry, non-governmental organizations, and the Aboriginal community. An important outcome of the first Workshop, which was reiterated at the second, is an agreement from stakeholders to work together in developing environmental performance standards and initiatives to reduce releases from the BMSS through the formation of and participation in a Base Metals Environmental Multi- Stakeholder Advisory Group (BEMAG). S.5.2 Recommendations The analysis of technical options to reduce emissions from this sector shows possible sectoral reductions of 81%, 78%, and 63% for CEPA-toxics, TPM, and SO 2 respectively by 2008 and 89%, 91%, and 92% for CEPA-toxics, TPM, and SO 2 respectively by 2015, from 1988 levels. During the course of the research for this report, two important information areas for further analysis were identified: • whether the hydrometallurgical process and the continuous converting technologies, identified as the best options to reduce emissions at respectively Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting and Inco Copper Cliff, will be developed successfully for full implementation by 2015; • whether these technologies could be implemented economically by 2015. Recommendation #1 It is recommended that when pollution prevention and control options are considered and their economic, environmental, and social impacts are assessed, the Base-Metals Environmental Multistakeholder Advisory Group (BEMAG) should be used as the mechanism of choice. Recommendation #2 It is recommended that the assessment of in-process and add-on emission control options be done from a multi-pollutant emission perspective. xxv
Recommendation #3 It is also recommended to consider Greenhouse Gas emissions while developing options for reducing sulphur dioxide emissions consistent with the measures to achieve energy efficiency improvements and reduce emissions of Greenhouse Gases identified in the Minerals and Metals Foundation Paper. xxvi
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Multi-pollutant Emissi
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgments The principal autho
Page 5 and 6: Summary The purpose of the report i
Page 7 and 8: • Recommendations to address info
Page 9 and 10: • The Minerals and Metals Foundat
Page 11 and 12: The next series of tables illustrat
Page 13 and 14: 1,800.00 1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00
Page 15 and 16: S.4 Current emission management pra
Page 17 and 18: − The EPA has started developing
Page 19 and 20: T.1 Technical Options for Emission
Page 25 and 26: The predicted future releases and t
Page 27: Noranda Gaspé Rest of Sector** Sit
Page 31 and 32: 2.4.8. Leaching ...................
Page 33 and 34: 4.1.11.6. Mercury..................
Page 35 and 36: Figure 35: 2000 Nickel - Air Emissi
Page 37 and 38: Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 39 and 40: 1. Introduction The purpose of the
Page 41 and 42: strong surrogate for fine particles
Page 43 and 44: • These sectors are common to mos
Page 45 and 46: (a) have or may have an immediate o
Page 47 and 48: 2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Sector Def
Page 49 and 50: 2.3. Base Metals Smelting Processes
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Pretreatment Pretreatment of
Page 53 and 54: Metallic impurities either dissolve
Page 55 and 56: 2.4. Environmental Concerns 29 The
Page 57 and 58: sulphur dioxide in the off-gases th
Page 59 and 60: 2.5. Canadian Base Metals Smelters
Page 61 and 62: ammonium sulphate fertilizers. The
Page 63 and 64: The copper smelter uses pyrometallu
Page 65 and 66: copper, zinc, cadmium and indium, a
Page 67 and 68: 2.6.6.2. Noranda Inc., Division CEZ
Page 69 and 70: 2.7. Key Industrial Associations Ex
Page 71 and 72: In terms of tonnage, zinc ranks fir
Page 73 and 74: Table 4: Canadian Base Metals Expor
Page 75 and 76: ased 62 pricing system. In response
Page 77 and 78: The LME has a multi-tiered membersh
Page 79 and 80:
The BMSS IT held ten meetings betwe
Page 81 and 82:
3.1.1.2. Smelters Emissions Testing
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achieve their commitments, are publ
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All the companies mentioned in this
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emoved for processing in the Copper
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Lead Concentrate Zinc Residue Lead
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3.2.2. Sherritt International Corpo
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3.2.2.5. Cobalt conversion and redu
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Figure 4: Sherritt Metals Refinery
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The blister copper is then treated
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Figure 6: Hudson Bay Mining and Sme
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Figure 7: Inco Thompson Nickel Smel
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3.2.5. Falconbridge Limited, Kidd M
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electrostatic precipitator dust fro
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 10: Falconbridge Kidd Copper
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3.2.6. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
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Figure 12: Falconbridge Sudbury Nic
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from the fluid bed roasters are tre
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 14: Inco Copper Cliff Nickel
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3.2.8. Inco Port Colborne 87 Figure
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3.2.9. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 17: Noranda Horne Copper Sme
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Figure 18: Noranda CEZ Zinc Plant T
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Fugitive emissions from the TBRC op
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3.2.12. Noranda Inc., Division Mine
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Figure 20: Noranda Gaspé Copper Sm
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with water to preserve the environm
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3.3. Analysis of Emissions 3.3.1. T
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Table 6: Historical Trends of Total
Page 137 and 138:
Table 8: Historical Trends of Arsen
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Table 10: Historical Trends of Lead
Page 141 and 142:
Table 12: Historical Trends of Nick
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350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Secto
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1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 6
Page 147 and 148:
Table 13: Releases of Dioxins and F
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3.4. Other Current Emissions Inform
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Sulphur Dioxide - Air EPI 4500 4000
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Cadium - Air EPI 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
Page 155 and 156:
Mercury- Air EPI 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 157 and 158:
4. CURRENT EMISSION MANAGEMENT PRAC
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The “Alberta Ambient Air Quality
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4.1.9. New Brunswick New Brunswick
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4.1.11.1. Particulate Matter Table
Page 165 and 166:
Table 15: Canadian Ambient Particul
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Sulphur Dioxide Releases from Coppe
Page 169 and 170:
4.1.11.3. Arsenic Table 18 shows th
Page 171 and 172:
4.1.11.5. Lead Table 22 shows the C
Page 173 and 174:
4.1.11.6. Mercury Table 24 shows th
Page 175 and 176:
4.1.11.7. Nickel Table 26 shows the
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New Source Performance Standards (N
Page 179 and 180:
Table 31: US National Emission Stan
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In the permitting process, faciliti
Page 183 and 184:
Table 34: World Bank Guidelines for
Page 185 and 186:
4.2.4. Australia Air quality is con
Page 187 and 188:
Table 39: Australia/New South Wales
Page 189 and 190:
4.2.5. Japan Environmental quality
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Sulphur dioxide, particulate matter
Page 193 and 194:
Table 47: Germany Particulate Matte
Page 195 and 196:
Table 51: The Netherlands Sulphur D
Page 197 and 198:
Table 53: France Particulate Matter
Page 199 and 200:
The Environment Protection (Prescri
Page 201 and 202:
Table 60: United Kingdom Releases t
Page 203 and 204:
4.2.12. Other European Countries Ta
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4.3. Best Available Techniques for
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4.4. Options and Preliminary Cost E
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plant. It would be possible to inst
Page 211 and 212:
4.4.2. Inco Limited, Thompson Divis
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4.4.3. Falconbridge, Sudbury Divisi
Page 215 and 216:
4.4.4. Inco Limited, Sudbury/Copper
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4.4.5. Noranda Inc., Horne Smelter,
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4.4.6. Noranda Inc., Division Mines
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Table 78: Technical Options for Emi
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Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 225 and 226:
Site Option for Reduction By 2008 O
Page 227 and 228:
Noranda Horne Site Option for Reduc
Page 229 and 230:
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 231 and 232:
Appendix A: Health and Environmenta
Page 233 and 234:
List of Acronyms AAQ AAQC ARET BACT
Page 235 and 236:
UN/ECE URL USEPA VCR VOC United Nat
Page 237 and 238:
at the anode and selectively plates
Page 239:
Sinter: Slag: Slag cleaning: Top Bl
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(MERAF) for the Base Metals Smelting Sector - CCME

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