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Discussion Larval forms are common to different groups of marine invertebrates which makes conclusive identification of the species almost impossible. Stanwell-Smith et al. (1997) is the only available source for the identification of Antarctic larvae. Due to the very slow development rate of larvae in Antarctic waters (Bosch et al., 1987; Peck 1993; Peck et al., 2007; Stanwell-Smith et al., 1999), differences among larvae from consecutive samples through time may be only successive stages in development of the same specie. Santos (1995) and Freire et al. (2006) observed that Polychaeta larvae occurred at the beginning and end of summer. These results are in accordance with what was observed in the present study, as Echinodermata and Polychaete larvae were detected in the beginning of summer as the first and second most abundant meroplankton respectively. According with Absher & Feijó (1995) mollusk larvae showed temporal variation, occurring in abundance in late summer and almost absent in early summer. In the present study mollusk larvae occurred in small numbers. These facts suggest that larvae of invertebrates can be found differentially throughout the summer. Cruz-Kaled (2011) found the density of veliger larvae of gastropods 124.53 individuals.100m -3 during the summer 2002/2003 and 5.35 individuals.100m -3 during the summer 2003/2004 at Mackellar Inlet (corresponding to station 3 of the present study). These data when compared with the present study show a large interannual difference in the occurrence of zooplankton organisms, a situation that can be reflected throughout Admiralty Bay, probably due to the variation of oceanographic parameters, reproductive patterns of the species and the interaction with larvae or adults of other planktonic organisms. Near the sampling St #5 (Arctowski) penguin’s species Pygoscelis antarctica and Pygoscelis adeliae can be found nesting on rocky cliffs in the coastal region. These birds have a significant impact on the balance of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals in these nesting areas (Tatur, 2002). Ornithogenics soils, derived from the activity of these penguins sampled between Point Thomas (St #4) and Ecology Glacier showed a high content of phosphate, as observed by Schaefer et al. (2004). According to Bremer (2008), the combination of nesting habitats with shallow soils allows organic matter to accumulate and some of the material returns to the sea by surface drainage or by percolation. The dynamics of the water circulation and the wind regime of the bay associated to the presence of the research stations and the discharge of nutrients from the ornithogenic soils in the west coast of the region favors the increase of the primary production and in consequence of the zooplankton. Further studies will be needed to make possible the understanding of the contribution of each one of those factors. Acknowledgements This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter- Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM). References Absher, T.M.; Feijó, A.R. (1995). Dispersão larval de moluscos bênticos da Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártica. Anais do VI Congresso Latinoamericano de Ciencias del Mar – COLACMAR, 1995, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Absher, T.M.; Boehs, G.; Feijó, A.R. & Cruz, A.C. (2003). Pelagic larvae of benthic gastropods from shallow Antarctic waters of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Polar Biology. 26: 359-364. Boltovskoy, D. (1981). Atlas del zooplancton del Atlántico Sudoccidental y métodos de trabajo con el zooplancton marino. Publicacion Especial INIDEP, Mar del Plata. 110 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Bosch, I.; Beauchamp, K.A.; Steele, M.E. & Pearse, J.S. (1987). Development, metamorphosis, and seasonal abundance of embrios and larvae of the antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. Biological Bulletin, 173: 126-135. Bremer, U. F. (2008). Solos e geomorfologia da borda leste da Península Warszawa, Ilha Rei George, Antártica Marítima. Tese de Doutorado.Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Cruz-Kaled, A.C. (2011). Variação temporal e espacial de larvas de invertebrados marinhos da Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártica. Tese de Doutorado. Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo. Freire, A.S.; Coelho M.J.C. & Bonecker. S.L.C. (1993). Short term spatial- temporal distribution pattern of zooplankton in Admiralty Bay (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 13:433-439. Freire, A.S.; Absher, T.M.; Cruz-Kaled, A.C.; Kern, Y. & Elbers, K.L. (2006). Seasonal variation of pelagic invertebrate larvae in the shallow Antarctic waters of Admiralty Bay (King George Island). Polar Biology, 29: 294-302. Montu, M. & Cordeiro, T.A. (1986). Estudo do zooplâncton coletado durante a primeira expediçãobrasileira à Antártica pelo NApOc “Barão de Tefé”. Nerítica, 1 (1): 85-92 Peck, L.S. (1993). Larval development in the Antarctic nemertean Parborlasia corrugatus (Heteronemertea: Lineidae). Marine Biology, 116:301-310. Peck, L.S.; Powell, D.K. & Tyler, P.A. (2007). Very slow development in two Antarctic bivalve molluscs, the infaunal clam Laternula elliptica and the scallop Adamussium colbecki. Marine Biology, 150:1191-1197. Santos, C.C. 1995. Relação entre Fatores Físicos e a Comunidade Zooplanctônica na Baía do Almirantado e Regiões Costeiras da Ilha Elefante (Antártica). Dissertação do Curso de Pós Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Schaefer, C.E.G.R.; Simas, F.N.B.; Albuquerque Filho, M.R.; Michel, R.F.M.; Viana, J.H.M. & Tatur, A. (2004). Fosfatização: processo de formação de solos na Baía do Almirantado e implicações ambientais. In: Schaefer, C. N., Francelino, M. R., Simas, F. N. B. & Albuquerque Filho, M. R (Ed.). Ecossistemas da Antártica Marítima: Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George. Viçosa: NEPUT. p. 47-58. Stanwell-Smith, D.; Hood, A.; Peck, L.S. (1997). A field guide to the pelagic invertebrates larvae of the maritime Antarctic. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge UK. Stanwell-Smith, D.; Peck, L.S.; Clarke, A.; Murray, A.W.A. & Todd, C.D. (1999). The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic. Phil. Trans. Royal Society London B, 354:471-484. Tatur, A. (2002). Ornithogenic ecosystems in the maritme Antarctica – formation, development and disintegration. In: Beyer, L. & Bölter, M. (Eds.). Geoecology of antarctic ice-free coastal landscapes. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 161-184. (Ecological Studies, 154). Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 111
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
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Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
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Table 1. Percentage of records in t
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References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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