1 - Instituto de Biologia da UFRJ

More documents

Recommendations

Info

8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GULL Larus dominicanus REPRODUCTIVE POPULATION TO CLIMATE Elisa de Souza Petersen 1,* , Lucas Krüger 1 , Maria Virginia Petry 1 1 Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, CEP 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Braszil *e-mail: elisapetersen@yahoo.com.br Abstract: The influences of El-Niño over seabird populations have been demonstrated for a great number of species, including Antarctic species. We evaluated the effects of Southern Oscillation Index (an atmospheric component of El-Niño) over a breeding population of Kelp Gulls in Admiralty Bay, King George Island. We counted breeding pairs in all ice-free areas in the 2009/10 and 2010/11 summers, and used past values of the same areas from literature. We found the lower numbers of kelp gull pairs occur at the extreme values of Southern Oscillation Index, the lower and the higher. This is strong evidence of the El-Niño influences on population processes within Admiralty Bay kelp gulls, probably by affecting the decision on breeding or skipping breeding in a given year. Such a situation can affect the population in the long term by reducing their instantaneous breeding success. Keywords: climatic changes, El-Niño Southern Oscillation, King George Island Introduction Climate is the main force driving high-latitude bird populations (Mallory et al., 2009; Croxall et al., 2002). Climate variations can eventually induce breeding adults to abandon their nests or chicks (comprising the main cause of decrease in reproductive success) (Mallory et al., 2009), and affect populations in the long term by reducing adult survival (Rolland et al., 2010) and recruitment rates (Ainley et al., 2005). Egg laying, and size of breeding population can also shift year by year as a response to climate constraints (Croxall et al., 2002; Barbraud & Weimerskirch, 2006). The Variations of the El-Niño Southern Oscillations are influential over the Antarctic Climatic Oscillations and temperature (Changzheng & Feng, 2010). Studies demonstrated that the temperatures are not the only important predictor of seabird responses to climate, but also climatic indexes (Rolland et al., 2010). Thus, our objective is to evaluate whether a breeding population of Kelp Gull respond to El-Niño Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Materials and Methods All the ice-free areas of Admiralty Bay, King George Island (Antarctica) were sampled, excluding the areas near the American Station Copacabana, but including the southern areas of SSSI8 (Figure 1). Censuses were conducted during the 2009/2010 austral summer between November 2009 and March 2010. All breeding pairs were counted, taking in account the active nests, or those that had eggs laid in them. The nests were also mapped with GPS receptors. The ice-free areas were classified in accordance with Sander et al. (2006). The abundance of breeding pairs in past years was used (Jablonski, 1986; Sander et al., 2006) to detect time variation as a response to weather. We get the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI – the atmospheric component of El- Niño) data bank from NOAA (www.noaa.gov). To analyze the response of Kelp Gull pairs to SOI we applied an Analysis of Covariance using a negative binomial distribution model as the number of pairs has a similar distribution using the SPSS 18.0 (α = 95%). 80 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Figure 1. Sampled areas in Admiralty Bay, each letter corresponds to a usually ice-free area during the spring and summer. Image adapted from Sander et al. (2006). A SSSI 8; B Point Thomas; C Breccia Crag; D Cytadela; E Belweder; F Point Hill; G Dufayel Island; H Cardoso Cove; I Emerald Point; J Lis Point; K Urabnek Crag; L Denais Stack; M Klekowski Crag; N Cre´pin Point; O Keller Peninsula; P Stenhouse Bluff; Q Cordillera Ullman; R Promotorio Negro Notable; S Ternyck Needle; T Szafer Ridge; U Waikocz; V Hennequin Point; W Rembiszewski Nunataks; X Vaureal Peak; Y Chabrier Rock; Z Harnasia hill. Results The number of breeding pairs in all Admiralty Bay was 20 and 24 in 2009/10 and 2010/11 summers, respectively. Five areas presented Kelp Gull reproduction in 2009/10 (A,B,G,O and V) and nine areas in 2010/11, from which five were the same from the last summer plus H,Q and R (Figure 1). By a simple visual comparison with past data (Jablonski, 1986; Sander et al., 2006) we clearly see an abrupt reduction of number of pairs of Kelp Gulls in Admiralty bay between 2004/05 and 2009/2010, which is followed by an increase in the subsequent year, the referred reduction seems to be related to the variation of SOI (Figure 2). In fact, the number of pairs can be explained by the variation of SOI (Wald-χ 2 = 3.7; B = –0.31; P = 0.05). The lower average number of pairs occurred at the extreme values of SOI (Figure 2) in the extreme negative and in the extreme positive, in both years we sampled (2009/10 and 2010/11) (Figure 3). The Higher SOI the warmer the temperature (Figure 4), so, extremes of SOI tends to cause reduction in the reproductive population of Kelp Gulls. Discussion One of the consequences of global climate changes is the increase in frequency of cold or warm anomalies. The fauna, particularly the top predators, is simultaneously affected in its breeding and survival by the increased sea ice-cap (Croxall et al., 2002) and variations on the availability and accessibility of food during the breeding period and winter Science Highlights - Thematic Area 2 | 81
Page 2 and 3:
Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
Page 4 and 5:
Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
Page 6 and 7:
PRESENTATION National Institute of
Page 8 and 9:
6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Page 10 and 11:
Thematic Research Areas The Researc
Page 12 and 13:
introduction Advances In Brazilian
Page 14:
of soil contamination. At present,
Page 18 and 19:
THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
Page 20 and 21:
One of the most important propertie
Page 22 and 23:
1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
Page 24 and 25:
the F2 layer critical frequency par
Page 26 and 27:
with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
Page 28 and 29:
2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
Page 30 and 31:
of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
Page 32 and 33: 3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
Page 34 and 35: a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
Page 36 and 37: 4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
Page 38 and 39: and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
Page 40 and 41: of Science, Technology and Innovati
Page 42 and 43: a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
Page 44 and 45: a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
Page 46 and 47: and infrared gas analyzer were setu
Page 48 and 49: THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
Page 50 and 51: were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53: GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59: References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 60 and 61: level and parent material); vegetat
Page 62 and 63: the soil organic matter levels. The
Page 64 and 65: 4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
Page 66 and 67: Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
Page 68 and 69: Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
Page 88 and 89: winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133:
7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135:
a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137:
the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139:
of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141:
Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143:
Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145:
stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147:
10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149:
higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151:
11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155:
Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157:
(Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159:
Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161:
13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163:
Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165:
References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167:
liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169:
a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
Page 170 and 171:
McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
Page 172 and 173:
THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
Page 174 and 175:
1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
Page 176 and 177:
a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
Page 178 and 179:
increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
Page 180 and 181:
2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
Page 182 and 183:
filtered and stored in vials, below
Page 184 and 185:
formaldehyde concentration too. Des
Page 186 and 187:
3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
Page 190 and 191:
4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
Page 192 and 193:
Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
Page 194 and 195:
Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
Page 196 and 197:
EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
Page 198 and 199:
Informative and educational materia
Page 200 and 201:
6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203:
FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
Page 204 and 205:
publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
Page 206 and 207:
Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
Page 208 and 209:
e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
Page 210 and 211:
Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
Page 212:
Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215:
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
show all

1 - Instituto de Biologia da UFRJ

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?