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stations. This alteration acts as a defensive mechanism, decreasing the superficial area of the gills, and increasing the spreading distance to the harmful agent (Thophon et al., 2003). Aneurysm was found only one N. rossi and five N. coriiceps, and for Van den Heuvel et al. (2000), this damage leads to death of the pillar cells, causing accumulation of blood cells in the region. Hyperplasia of the gills was the main pathology found, detected in both species but predominant in the N. coriiceps. Hyperplasia may be a typical defense mechanism which works by increasing the diffusal distance between the polluents and the blood flow, causing hindrance to gas exchanges (Dutta et al., 1993; Karan et al., 1998). Conclusion Liver and branchial alterations reported in this study are not specific of one harmful agent, with the possibility of being a result of physiological mechanisms or many types of physical, chemical and biological agents of Admiralty Bay. From the data analyzed, it can be concluded that the functionality of the analyzed organs was not affected and thus, may not be classified as lethal to the species under investigation. Acknowledgements This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receive scientific and financial supports of the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5; and process: n° 52.0125/2008-8) and Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA), and Inter-Ministry Commission for Resource of the Sea (CIRM) and PQ for L. Donatti nr. 305562/2009-6. References Bernet, D.; Schmidt, H.; Meier, W.; Burkhardt-Holm, P. & Wahli, T. (1999). Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22: 25-34. Bícego, M.C.; Weber, R.R. & Ito, R.G. (1996). Aromatic hydrocarbons on surface waters of Admiralty bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32:549-53. Brasileiro-Filho, G. (1994). Bogliolo Patologia. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan. Clark, G. (1981). Staining procedures. Baltimore: Willians & Wilkins. Dutta, H. M.; Richmonds, C. R. & Zeno, T. (1993). Effects of Diazinon on the bluegill sunfish Lepomins macrochirus. Journal of Environmental Pathology, 12 (4): 219-27. Karan, V.; Vitorović, S.; Tutundžić, V. & Poleksić, V. (1998). Functional enzymes activity and gill histology of carp after copper sulfate exposure and recovery. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, B-40: 49-55. Karnovsky, M.J. (1965). A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. Journal of Cell Biology, 27: 137-8. Mallat, J. (1985), Fish gill structural changes induced by toxicants and others irritants: A statistical review. Canadian Journal of Fishes Aquatic Science, 42: 630-48. Martins, C.C; Rose, M.C.B.; Taniguchi, S.; Lourenço, R.A; Figueira, R.C.L.; Mahiques, M.M. & Montone, R.C. (2010). Historical Record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) in marine sediment cores from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Environmental Pollution, 158: 192-200. Myers, M.S. & Fournie, J.W. (2002). Histophatological biomarkers as integrators of anthropogenic and environmental stressors. In: Adams, S.M. Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress. American Fisheries Society: Bethesda, MD. 142 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Montone, R.C.; Martins, C.C.; Bícego, M.C.; Taniguchi, S.; Silva, D.A.M.; Campos, L.S. & Weber, R.R. (2010). Distribution of sewage input in marine sediments around a maritime Antarctic research station indicated by molecular geochemical indicators. Science of the Total Environment, 408: 4665-71. Ngan, P. V.; Gomes, V.; Passos, M.J.A.C.R.; Ussami, K.A.; Campos, D. Y. F.; Rocha, A. J. S. & Pereira, B.A. (2007). Biomonitoring of the genotoxic potential (micronucleus and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities assay) of the Admiralty Bay water surrounding the Brazilian Antarctic Research Station “Comandante Ferraz”, King George Island. Polar Biology, 30: 209-17. Oliveira, L.M.; Mendonça, E.S.; Jham, G.; Schaefer, C.E.G.R.; Silva, I.R. & Albuquerque, M.A. (2007). Hidrocarbonetos em solos e sedimentos do entorno da Estação Antártica Brasileira Comandante Ferraz. Oecologia Brasiliensis 11 (1): 144-156. Roberts, R.J. (1989). Fish Pathology. 2nd. ed. London: Baillière Tindall. Santos, A.A.; Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T.; Felizardo, N.N. & Rodrigues, E.L. (2006). Análise histopatológica de fígado de tilápiado-nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, criada em tanque-rede na represa de Guarapiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Thophon, S.; Kruatrachue, M.; Upatham, E.S.; Pokethitiyook, P.; Sahaphong, S. & Jaritkhuan, S. (2003). Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure. Environmental Pollution, 121:307-20. Tin, T.; Fleming, Z.L.; Hughes, K.A.; Ainley, D.G.; Convey, P.; Moreno, C.A.; Pfeiffer, S.; Scott, J. & Snape, I. (2008). Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment. Antarctic Science 21: 3-33. Van Den Heuvel, M.R.; Power, M.; Richards, J.; Mackinnon, M. & Dixon, D.G. (2000). Disease and gill lesions in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to oil sands mining-associated waters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, B-46: 334-41. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 143
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
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Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
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Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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