1 - Instituto de Biologia da UFRJ

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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla et al., 2007). In this island, mats of the nithphilous algae Prasiola crispa occupy wet areas extremely high nutrient concentration at active rookeries at the coastal regions around Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica) (Smykla et al., 2007). According to Jennings (1976, 1979) this foliaceae algae is among the substrates with higher faunal species richness and Tardigrada is among these organisms (Broady, 1989). Nevertheless, Antarctic terrestrial biota is known to have low diversity, a high degree of endemism and clear patterns of biogeographic distribution defined by consistent biological and climatic differences (Convey & McInnes, 2005; Convey & Stevens, 2007). Added to this, the Antarctic terrestrial biota include organisms ecophysiology adapted to environmental pressures involving very low temperatures, nutrient limitation, environmental radiation, lack of liquid water, desiccation and physical abrasion (Convey et al., 2008). Recent studies have shown that this biota has an ancient origin and has persisted in isolation for ten million years (Convey & Stevens, 2007; Convey et al., 2009; Chow & Convey, 2007). These characteristics result in the terrestrial communities of Antarctica being particularly sensitive to the effects of human presence in the region and to climate change. In this context, the present study intends to contribute to the knowledge of the composition of the Tardigrada assemblages on the terrestrial macroalgae Prasiola crispa of the ice-free areas around Admiralty Bay. Materials and Methods Prasiola crispa were sampled on the rocks and soil adjacent to the penguin rookeries of Ornithologist Stream area (Polar Polish Arctowski Station, King George Island) in January 2011 (XXIX Brazilian Antarctic Operation) (Figure 1). Three samples of 3 cm² were observed in vivo and later preserved in formaldehyde 4% for posterior analysis, quantification and identification of the fauna. In the Figure 1. Location of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula), highlighted the scientific stations of Brazil and Poland. Illustration: Rafael Bendayan de Moura. 164 | Annual Activity Report 2011
laboratory the organisms were separated through sieves (500 and 38 µm size meshes). After the total organism quantifications under stereoscopic microscope, Tardigrada specimens were removed and post fixed in GAW solution (Glycerin - Acetic acid - Water), before being passed through a glycerol series and mounted in Faure’s medium (McInnes et al., 2001). After drying, slides were ringed with glycerol. Taxonomic identifications were performed by optical microscopy and based on Pilato & Binda (2010) keys. Results The associated microfauna of Prasiola crispa were composed by Rotifera, Nematoda, Tardigrada, Acari and Collembola. Tardigrada was the taxa found in greatest density, up to 7002,67 ind.cm –2 (x = 2842,11 ind.cm –2 , n = 3) (Table 1), representing 66% of the total microfauna. The taxonomic identifications conducted so far indicate that the specimens found Tardigrada specimens belong to the Family Hypsibiidae, genus Ramazzotius Binda & Pilato, 1986. Other identifications still in progress, and at the end identified specimens will be deposited in the collection. Discussion and Conclusion Jennings (1976) when studied the Tardigrada from the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Ridge Region found a high dominance of tardigrada only on sites of the foliose alga Prasiola crispa. According Convey & McInnes (2005) some terrestrial ecosystems dominated by Tardigrades, and organisms which would generally be ubiquitous such as Nematode can also very often be absent. This showed the Tardigrada preference for the relatively rich organic soils rather than moss and peat substrates. At the moment, taxonomic identifications showed that Tardigrada specimens founded on the Prasiola crispa samples from Ornithologist Stream are the family Hypsibiidae and genus Ramazzotius Binda & Pilato, 1986. The Hypsibiidae family are a significant and dominant in polar habitats (McInnes & Pugh, 2007). This dominance cannot be explained only by the fact that it possesses features such as cold tolerance (Cryptobiosis), aerial dispersion or partenogenisis, whereas other families (e.g. Macrobiotidae, Echiscidae) also have such features. McInnes (2007) suggest that this dominance was more likely to food sources, many Hypsibiidae are hydrophilic, bactereophages and/ or algivores, a factor that can be an advantage to colonize polar habitats. Ramazzottius are cosmopolitan genus (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983). Ramazzottius are widespread throughout the world (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983; McInnes, 1994), including the previous record of Antarctica continental and sea. Among the many collection of bryophytes, species of Echiniscus, Hypsibius, Macrobiotus (and segregate genera), Milsenium and Ramazzottius seem particularly common. The genus Ramazzottius is characterized by Hypsibius-type claws, but only Ramazzottius has a long and straight basal portion on the outer claw more strongly developed than the secondary branch in addition to a thin main branch inserted high on the basal portion by means of a flexible tract (C) (Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993). Sometimes this tract is very lightly sclerified and the primary branch seems almost completely separate from the rest of the claw (Nelson Table 1. Composition and density (ind.cm –2 ) of microfauna associated to Prasiola crispa. Taxa Arctowski 22 Arctowski 23 Arctowski 24 Sum Ind.cm –2 DP Relative abundance (%) Tardigrada 147,67 1376,00 7002,67 8526,33 2842,11 2984,39 66,0 Nematoda 88,67 112,67 3965,33 4166,67 1388,89 1821,85 32,3 Acari 1,67 45,00 67,33 114,00 38,00 27,26 0,9 Rotifera 74,00 0,00 0,00 74,00 24,67 34,88 0,6 Collembola 1,00 2,67 28,67 32,33 10,78 12,67 0,3 Total Microfauna 314,00 1536,33 11064,00 12914,33 4304,78 4805,47 100,0 Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 165
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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these two types of sewage markers,
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1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
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Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
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we show the results from early summ
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a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
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3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
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a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
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Discussion Larval forms are common
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4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
Page 170 and 171: McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
Page 172 and 173: THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
Page 174 and 175: 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
Page 176 and 177: a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
Page 178 and 179: increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
Page 180 and 181: 2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
Page 182 and 183: filtered and stored in vials, below
Page 184 and 185: formaldehyde concentration too. Des
Page 186 and 187: 3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
Page 188 and 189: Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
Page 190 and 191: 4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
Page 192 and 193: Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
Page 194 and 195: Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
Page 196 and 197: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
Page 198 and 199: Informative and educational materia
Page 200 and 201: 6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203: FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
Page 204 and 205: publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
Page 206 and 207: Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
Page 208 and 209: e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
Page 210 and 211: Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
Page 212: Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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