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1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND NUTRIENT VARIATIONS AT FIVE STATIONS ON THE SURFACE WATERS OF ADMIRALTY BAY, KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA, DURING THE SUMMERS FROM 2009 TO 2012 Mauro Juliano Cascaes 1,* , Ana Cecilia Rizzatti de Albergaria Barbosa 1 , Felipe Sales de Freitas 1 , Fernanda Imperatrice Colabuono 1 , Josilene da Silva 1 , Vinícius Faria Patire 1 , Diego Barbosa Senatore 1 , Patrick Simões Dias 1 , Caio Vinícius Zecchin Cipro 1 , Satie Taniguchi 1 , Marcia Caruso Bícego 1 , Rosalinda Carmela Montone 1 , Rolf Roland Weber 1 1 Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University – USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, sala 186, CEP 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil *e-mail: maurojuliano@usp.br Abstract: Classic hydrographical parameters and dissolved nutrients were measured during the Antarctic summers from 2009 to 2012. Physical and biological processes control the nutrient levels in Admiralty Bay, as well as upwelling of deep water from Bransfield Strait. Additional data on summer land run-off and wind speeds and directions is needed to get a better model for the factors that control the primary production of the area. Keywords: nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen, Antarctica Introduction Admiralty Bay is a well-studied marine sub Antarctic environment due to the five research stations (Poland, Brazil, Peru, Equator and U.S.A) established there since the sixties. Hydrographical studies of the area have been made since 1980 by scientists of the Polish Research Station of Arctowski (Pruszak, 1980; Lipski, 1987; Rakusa-Suszcewski et al., 1993) and Brazilians from the Ferraz Station (Brandini & Rebello, 1994). Further data of nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO) and phytoplankton distribution were summarized by Weber & Montone (2006). Although there is no scarcity of previous summer data, a coherent general pattern could not be observed due to strong yearly variations. This may reflect the irregular pattern of terrestrial ice melting and of the irregular land run-off contributions which are not quantified on a systematic basis. The present study reports the temperature, salinity, dissolved nutrients, dissolved oxygen and pH variations during the summers of 2009/2010/2011/2012 (from OPERANTAR XXVII to OPERANTAR XXIX) in five points of Admiralty Bay near EAFC (Portuguese acronym for Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Brazilian Research Station) and Arctowski Research Stations at three depths. Materials and Methods The location of the Sampled Station areas is shown on Figure 1 and Table 1. The water was collected at 0, 15 and 30 m depth. Water sampling was done with a peristaltic pump (Anauger 900 - flow rate of 1200 L h –1 at 30 m depth and 2.300 L h –1 at the sea surface) and the temperature was measured with temperature sensor (Seamon Mini) attached to the pump. The samples and the analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate was done according Grasshoff et al. (1983). 96 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Figure 1. Map of Sampling Stations and their positions (CF: Comandante Ferraz; BP: Botany Point; MP: Machu Picchu; TP: Thomas Point; AR: Arctowski) (Coastline extractor – http:// http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov). Table 1. Oceanographic parameters in Admiralty Bay. OPERANTAR XXVIII Phase Average S. d. Min. Max. Phase Average OPERANTAR XXIX Standard deviation Temperature (°C) 1 st 0.09 0.41 -0.36 0.91 1 st 0.84 0.46 0.24 1.54 3 rd 0.82 0.15 0.52 1.02 3 rd 1.62 0.12 1.48 1.77 Salinity 1 st 34.16 0.09 34.02 34.26 1 st 34.17 0.11 33.94 34.35 Dissolved Oxygen (mL L –1 ) 3 rd 34.09 0.11 33.89 34.18 3 rd 34.12 0.12 33.93 34.23 1 st 7.06 0.29 6.46 7.43 1 st 7.79 0.19 7.53 8.13 3 rd 6.46 0.66 5.11 7.19 3 rd 7.27 0.10 7.13 7.38 pHs 1 st 7.94 0.06 7.89 8.05 1 st 7.88 0.06 7.81 7.98 Phosphate (μmol L –1 ) Silicate (μmol L –1 ) Nitrite (μmol L –1 ) Nitrate (μmol L –1 ) 3 rd 8.04 0.02 8.01 8.06 3 rd 7.71 0.05 7.66 7.76 1 st 1.66 0.22 1.22 2.13 1 st 1.96 0.56 1.11 2.50 3 rd 1.76 0.16 1.49 2.07 3 rd 1.79 0.18 1.59 2.09 1 st 41.77 0.56 40.89 42.81 1 st 61.06 12.31 39.09 74.52 3 rd 40.80 0.59 39.99 41.67 3 rd 37.84 4.34 30.15 41.96 1 st 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.11 1 st 0.50 0.16 0.40 0.76 3 rd 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.23 3 rd 0.77 0.05 0.70 0.86 1 st 16.52 1.65 13.86 19.80 1 st 20.43 2.50 14.74 22.66 3 rd 16.49 0.40 16.00 17.25 3 rd 11.34 2.02 9.05 14.29 Min. Max. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 97
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
Page 48 and 49: THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
Page 50 and 51: were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53: GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59: References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 60 and 61: level and parent material); vegetat
Page 62 and 63: the soil organic matter levels. The
Page 64 and 65: 4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
Page 66 and 67: Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
Page 68 and 69: Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
Page 88 and 89: winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
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higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
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Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
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Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
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(Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
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13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
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Table 1. Percentage of records in t
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References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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