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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping showing the (a) average daytime noise level and the (b) average night time noise level, compared with the NBR 10152. 174 | Annual Activity Report 2011
the points D (Carpentry) and E (Screening Room), where the standing time was lower. In these places, the inner measurement of the environment could be ascertained, at which point E the mean noise levels during daytime and night time were 64.44 dB(A) and 54.73 dB(A), respectively, noting a decrease of 9.01 dB(A) for the night time period. The standard deviation values showed a range of 3.84 dB(A)/daytime and 4.33 dB(A)/night time. The time of louder noise was during the measurement on December 12th, at 10 am, reaching 72 dB(A) when impact noise (from a hammer) occurred in the Carpentry. In order to adequate this environment to a level considered comfortable, 40 dB(A), according to standard NBR 10152 (ABNT, 1987a), it would be necessary to reduce this average to 24.44 dB(A)/daytime and 14.73 dB(A)/night time. In order to achieve the level considered acceptable, 50 dB(A), it would be necessary to reduce 14.44 dB(A)/daytime and 4.73 dB(A)/night time. However, by applying the NR 15 (Brasil, 1978) the standing time in this environment could be an 8-hour working day, although it is already characterized as a situation of discomfort. In the Carpentry (point D), higher sound level also was found on December 12 th , at 10 am, recording 89.9 dB(A). According to the mean of the environment of 72.33 dB(A), the standing time inside it also could be an 8-hour working day, as reported in the NR 15, in a discomfort situation. Murgel (2009) have reported that exposure to noise levels above 70 dB(A) may lead to sensitive neuropsychological changes whose symptoms are increased heart and respiratory rates and high blood pressure, effects from an alert and defense status to which the body is subjected. Above this level the body stress increases, and at around 100 dB(A) there may be immediate loss of the hearing (Souza, 1992). In the remaining points, the significance for analysis was to confirm whether the indoor working and rest environments needing less noise level and having higher standing time were in accordance with the recommendations of standard NBR 10152, such as the Cabins, Ward, Department of Communication, Library, Audio and Video Room and Laboratories. As the EACF is a Scientific Station, one aspect considered is that its environments are used both during daytime and night time periods, thus the levels should be compatible in both situations, since in these places the use of alternatives to protect the user against noise are difficult, such as using earplugs and controls to reduce the exposure time, are hampered. By observing the measurement points next to the Cabins (9, 10, 11 e 12), at point 9 a decrease of 7.04 dB(A) during the night time period was found; at points 10 and 11 an increase of 2.45 dB(A) and 0.85 dB(A), respectively were found; and at point 12 a decrease of 1.62 dB(A) was noted. In order to adequate to the level of 35 dB(A), the level considered comfortable according to NBR 10152 (ABNT, 1987b), would require sealing materials to isolate the external noise during the daytime period, reducing its level of transmission into the environment in 28.17 dB(A), 20.40 dB(A), 23.00 dB(A) and 21.57 dB(A), respectively at points 9, 10, 11, and 12. In order to achieve the level of 40 dB(A), the level considered acceptable, would require a decrease of 23.17 dB(A), 15.40 dB(A), 18.00 dB(A) and 16.57 dB(A), respectively. Hearing, being the first alert sense of the human being, is always active even during sleep and according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 1980), the effects of noise on sleep starts from 35 dB (A), thus beginning of alertness. Above the mentioned level deep sleep time is reduced, in addition it extends beyond sleep time by a further 20 minutes for levels higher than 65 dB(A) and up to 10 minutes for levels up to 55 dB(A), according Murgel (2009). Thus, the importance of meeting the standard is noted, mainly in the dormitory environments, in order to ensure deep sleep, which is the most restorative sleep phase and which will allow the good performance of tasks on the following day. In Laboratory and Library Rooms, which require intellectual work, the need to keep noise below 55 dB (A) is justified to avoid losses in productivity and the likelihood of errors in tasks requiring concentration and memory (Murgel, 2009). In environments where intelligible verbal communication is important, such as the Department of Communication and the Audio and Video Room, it is recommended to keep the noise level up to 45 dB(A), so that the conversation be performed in a normal tone of voice. When the level Science Highlights - Thematic Area 4 | 175
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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these two types of sewage markers,
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1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
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Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
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we show the results from early summ
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a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
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3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
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a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
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Discussion Larval forms are common
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4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
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Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
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Figure 3. Most probable number and
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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
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Figure 1. Map of the study region w
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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
Page 170 and 171: McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
Page 172 and 173: THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
Page 174 and 175: 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
Page 178 and 179: increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
Page 180 and 181: 2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
Page 182 and 183: filtered and stored in vials, below
Page 184 and 185: formaldehyde concentration too. Des
Page 186 and 187: 3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
Page 188 and 189: Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
Page 190 and 191: 4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
Page 192 and 193: Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
Page 194 and 195: Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
Page 196 and 197: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
Page 198 and 199: Informative and educational materia
Page 200 and 201: 6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203: FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
Page 204 and 205: publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
Page 206 and 207: Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
Page 208 and 209: e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
Page 210 and 211: Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
Page 212: Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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