1 - Instituto de Biologia da UFRJ

More documents

Recommendations

Info

treatment procedures that clean their effluent. However, the (un)treated sewage containing domestic waste is discharged directly into the marine environment and these discharges should be monitored to describe the extent of sewage contaminantion from Antarctic stations. The aim of this report is to evaluate the sewage contribution from Ferraz station into Admiralty Bay and to compare the historical trend reported in previous studies. This evaluation is based on the results of sewage geochemical indicators from the upper layer of sediments sampled during the austral summer of 2009/10 and previous results (1997-2004). In Antarctica, monitoring the extent of sewage input dispersal is essential as Antarctic Treaty signatory nations must conform to the Protocol on Environmental Protection. Materials and Methods Study area The study area is the Martel Inlet, in Admiralty Bay, King George Island located in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (62° 02’ S and 58° 21’ W) (Figure 1). Admiralty Bay has an area of 131 km², reaches depths of up to 530 m and has a coastline with many bays (Santos et al., 2007), being the largest bay of King George Island, one of the South Shetlands Islands. There are three large inlets in Admiralty Bay: Martel, Mackelar and Ezcurra Figure 1. Sampling stations at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. (1): Refuge II (REF); (2): Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (FER); (3): Ulmann Point (ULM), and; (4): Botany Point (BTN). Table extracted from Martins et al. (2012). 126 | Annual Activity Report 2011
and each of them holds a research station. The Mackelar and Martel Inlets constitute the North part of the Bay while the Ezcurra Inlet is in the West. Sampling Sediment was obtained from a box core sampler (25 × 25 × 55 cm) during the austral summer of 2009/10 at four points: (1) Refuge II (REF) (Mackelar Inlet); (2) Ferraz (FER); (3) Ulmann (ULM), and; (4) Botany Point (BTP) (Martel Inlet) (Figure 1), at depths around of 20 until 30 m. The upper sediment layers (first 2 cm) were used for organic markers analyses. Analytical procedure The analytical method used for the analysis of sterols in sediments is described in Kawakami & Montone (2002). Around 20 g of sediment from each site were extracted using a Soxhlet system for 8 h with 70 mL of ethanol. The ethanol extract was reduced to c. 2 mL by rotoevaporation and submitted to a clean up with column chromatography using 2 g of 5% deactivated alumina and elution with 15 mL of ethanol. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and derivatized to form trimethylsilyl ethers using BSTFA (bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) with 1% TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane) for 90 minutes at 65 °C. The mixture of TMS-sterols derivatives was determined by the injection of 2 µL into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The procedure for analyses of LABs is based on UNEP (1992). About 25 g of dry sediment samples were Soxhletextracted with hexanes/dichloromethane (1:1) for an 8-hour period. The solvent extract was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to a volume of approximately 2 mL. The extract was fractionated by adsorption liquid chromatography into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using a column of alumina and silica gel, and hexanes and 30% dichloromethane/hexanes for aliphatic and LABs (F1) and aromatic (F2) fractions as eluent, respectively. The fractions were concentrated again in a rotary evaporator, transferred to a vial, and then the volume was adjusted to 1 mL exactly using a stream of N 2 gas. Instrumental details for both analyses are described by Montone et al. (2010). Results Concentrations of fecal sterols and total concentration of linear alkylbenzenes (total LABs) containing alkyl chains ranging from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the superficial sediments at Admiralty Bay are shown in Table 1. Discussion The values for fecal sterol (coprostanol + epicoprostanol) ranged from not detected (
Page 2 and 3:
Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
Page 4 and 5:
Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
Page 6 and 7:
PRESENTATION National Institute of
Page 8 and 9:
6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Page 10 and 11:
Thematic Research Areas The Researc
Page 12 and 13:
introduction Advances In Brazilian
Page 14:
of soil contamination. At present,
Page 18 and 19:
THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
Page 20 and 21:
One of the most important propertie
Page 22 and 23:
1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
Page 24 and 25:
the F2 layer critical frequency par
Page 26 and 27:
with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
Page 28 and 29:
2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
Page 30 and 31:
of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
Page 32 and 33:
3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
Page 34 and 35:
a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
Page 36 and 37:
4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
Page 38 and 39:
and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
Page 40 and 41:
of Science, Technology and Innovati
Page 42 and 43:
a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
Page 44 and 45:
a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
Page 46 and 47:
and infrared gas analyzer were setu
Page 48 and 49:
THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
Page 50 and 51:
were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53:
GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55:
Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57:
Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59:
References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 60 and 61:
level and parent material); vegetat
Page 62 and 63:
the soil organic matter levels. The
Page 64 and 65:
4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
Page 68 and 69:
Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71:
of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73:
Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75:
(Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77:
completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
Page 88 and 89: winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
Page 170 and 171: McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
Page 172 and 173: THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
Page 174 and 175: 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
Page 176 and 177: a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
Page 178 and 179:
increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
Page 180 and 181:
2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
Page 182 and 183:
filtered and stored in vials, below
Page 184 and 185:
formaldehyde concentration too. Des
Page 186 and 187:
3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
Page 190 and 191:
4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
Page 192 and 193:
Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
Page 194 and 195:
Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
Page 196 and 197:
EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
Page 198 and 199:
Informative and educational materia
Page 200 and 201:
6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203:
FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
Page 204 and 205:
publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
Page 206 and 207:
Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
Page 208 and 209:
e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
Page 210 and 211:
Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
Page 212:
Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215:
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
show all

1 - Instituto de Biologia da UFRJ

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?