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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified, with total n-alkanols concentration varies from 0.20 to 0.58 µg.g –1 (BAR), 0.33 to 2.14 µg.g –1 (REF) and 0.22 to 1.97 µg.g –1 (FER). The distribution of total n-alkanols concentration in different layers for three cores is shown in Figure 3. Total n-alkanols en BAR was similar to the total sterols, with highest concentrations between 7 and 11 cm. In REF, the highest values of concentrations occurred between 7 and 9 cm, while FER presented three concentrations peak at 16.5, 6.5 and 0.5 cm. Phytol, an isoprenoid alcohol derived from chlorophyll-a degradation (Volkman et al., 2008), was found in all cores analyzed. The distribution of phytol concentration in different layers for three cores is shown in Figure 4. Phytol concentration varied from 0.17 to 0.26 µg.g –1 (BAR), 0.13 to 2.39 µg.g –1 (REF) and 0.24 to 1.26 µg.g –1 (FER). Relative low concentrations and close to the detection limit were presented in the BAR, while REF and FER showed highest concentrations in top core sections, represented as the recent sediments. In the others sections, a regular distribution with no significant variations was observed. Discussion The variation observed along vertical profiles, for both sterols as n-alkanols, may reflect variations in the input of organic matter in the environment, besides the section with higher concentration indicating higher contributions of sedimentary material, while sections with decreased values indicate a low input or organic matter reduction on sediments (Meyers, 1997). These variations may occur due to environmental changes, which have an influence on the organic matter processes related with the input, burial and preservation and/or degradation (Faux et al., 2011), or as the result of natural variability. The decreased concentrations with core depth were not constant and may also be a result of diagenesis (Burns & Brinkman, 2011). Cholesterol was the most abundant sterol. Several organisms that inhabit the region are potential sources of cholesterol, including seal, whales and phyto and zooplankton (Volkman, 2005). The detectable concentration of 17 different sterols analyzed is an evidence of the large sources diversity of organic matter contributing to the sediment composition in Admiralty Bay. The presence of Figure 3. Vertical profile of total n-alkanols (in µg.g –1 ) in sediment cores from Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. 122 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Figure 4. Vertical profile of total phytol (in µg.g –1 ) over the cores in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. saturated sterols in sediments indicates the occurrence of diagenic process due to the fact that they are not commonly found with significant abundance in organisms (Hassett & Lee, 1977). The predominance of short-chain n-alkanols in all cores suggest the organic matter in this region is primarily associated with marine organisms, which include sources like, aquatic algae and bacteria (Xiong et al., 2010), zooplankton (Burns & Brinkman, 2011) and hydrolysis of the wax esters of zooplankton which may increase the saturated and unsaturated C 14 -C 22 alcohols (Volkman, 2006). In Antarctic region, phytol contribution is related to vascular plants (D. Antarctica e C. quitensis), lichens, mosses and algae (Wang et al., 2007). However, the low concentrations observed in all cores in this study compared to marine sediments from temperate/tropical areas may be related with the absence of significant sources for this compound in the region. Another explanation is to low phytol concentration is related to the degradation compound in sediments, which includes aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, photo degradation and sulphurization in sediment-water interface. Conclusions Based on the results, a multiplicity of sources of marine organic matter from sediments from Admiralty Bay could be verified, mainly associated with marine origin, with little contribution from terrestrial material. Despite of the transformation processes of organic matter, the compounds showed relative preservation, representing the variations and distribution of organic matter along the vertical profiles. This study is a first insight about polar organic markers in sediment cores of Admiralty Bay and the results, after more deeper interpretation and including other proxies (e. hydrocarbons, elemental and isotopic analyses) may contribute to a better understanding of the processes related to organic matter contribution and the changes as a result of natural events and temperature oscillation over the last century. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 123
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
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Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
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Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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