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Figure 1. The most frequent moss found in northern Maritime Antarctic and their frequencies in each island sampled. restricted to the beaches (Putzke & Pereira, 2001) with a higher content of carbon and other nitrogen compounds. On the other hand at Elephant Island this relationship was not observed, for example, Stinker Point has higher nitrophilic soils related with the bird colonies (Pereira & Putzke, 1994) and the most important species of the list are also few. An explanation for the latter can be closely related to the effect of winds (Putzke & Pereira, 2001) such as in Admiralty Bay area, which is less exposed and thus shows a greater number of important species. Discussion Comparing the records obtained from the three islands, was observed such these corroborated with other initiatives. Most of the species are easily found in the area, but in lower coverage (IES > 50) with a lower number of species in higher abundance and coverage (Victoria et al., 2009, 2011). Ochyra (1998) reports Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske and Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G.L.Smith as the most abundant moss species in Maritime Antarctic, being in lower risk of threat compared with other moss species in this area. These results can suggest the sensibility of these plant communities to environmental changes, since the species were found in small patches and populations, and it showed lower resistance and resilience, wherever the interrelationships within the organisms was low (Schaefer et al., 2004). Any impacts on these species can be irreversible (Victoria & Pereira, 2007). For example, we can cite the most frequent Bryaceae occurrences found. Ptychostumum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) J.R. Spence & H.P. Ramsay and Bryum orbiculatifolium Card. et Broth. Depend on ice-melt found in the water lines of austral summer (Allison & Lewis-Smith, 1973; Kanda, 1986). P. pseudotrichetrum has higher abundance in our samples from King George Island and can be considered a lower degree of threatened species compared to B. orbiculatifolium. The size of P. pseudotrichetrum population provides best response in the case of fast environmental changes, perhaps an adaptative success related of a higher coverage degree (Lewis-Smith, 2001). Victoria et al. (2011) records for small sites of Admiralty Bay area, both in the King George Island (Ulmann Point and Comandante Ferraz beach) similar results to those found for the whole South Shetlands archipelago, whereby S. uncinata also occurs in higher frequency and coverage. However with less frequency for P. alpinum P. pseudotrichetrum, for 64 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Ferraz beach, and Syntrichia magellanica (De Not.) Mitt, for Ulmann Point the species are the second most important for each area, perhaps because of the lower complexity of these two plant communities sampled, these communities being composed mainly of emergent species, such as these two species mentioned (Victoria et al., 2009). Victoria & Pereira (2007) reported the same condition for Arctowski region and Hennequin Point, both regions located in Admiralty Bay area. The other frequent moss species mentioned were found to be important species for the plant communities at Hennequin Point and in Arctowski region (Victoria & Pereira, 2007), except for Hennediela heimii (Hedw.) Zand, which was found in higher frequency in Ferraz beach in the present study compared with other areas. All moss species, as well the land biota found in Admiralty Bay, were directly and indirectly affected by human presence. The maintenance of scientists and military inside and outside of research stations, shelters and camps, involves high consumption of fossil combustibles and creates high residue production, causing unclear impacts on Antarctica wildlife (Olech, 1996). Conclusion This essay demonstrates the fragility of moss formation in the ice-free areas of northern Maritime Antarctic, such species of Bryum, Pohlia and Andreaea appear as the mostly threatened species. A descriptive data bank can collaborate for the continued monitoring of plant communities, contributing to the conservation of plant species in Admiralty Bay area. The phytosociological studies can contribute to the management of scientific activities involved with the Brazilian Antarctic Program. Acknowledgements This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter- Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM), and the CNPq for the post-doctoral fellowship (CNPq process: n° 152270/2011-6 ) to the second author. References Allison, J.S. & Lewis-Smith, R.I. (1973). The vegetation of Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 33-34:185-212. Hallingbäck, T. & Hodgetts, N. (2000). Mosses, liverworts & hornworts: a status survey and conservation action plan for bryophytes. IUCN, Gland. 106 p. Kanda, H. (1986). Moss communities in some ice-free areas along the Söya Coast, East Antarctica. Memoirs of Natural. Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue, 44: 229-240. Lara, F. & Mazimpaka, V. (1998). Sucession of epiphytic bryophytes in a Quercus pyrenaica forest from Spanish Central Range (Iberian Peninsula). Nova Hedwigia, 67: 125-138. Lewis-Smith, R.I. & Gimingham, C.H. (1976). Classification of cryptogamic communities in the maritime Antarctic. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 33-34: 89-122. Lewis-Smith, RI. (2001). Plant Colonization Response to climate change in the Antarctic. Folia. Facultatis Scientiarium Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Geográica, 25: 19-33. Ochyra, R. (1998). The moss flora of King George Island Antarctica. Cracow: Polish Academy of Sciences. 278 p. Ochyra, R.; Lewis-Smith, R.I. & Bednarek-Ochyra, H. (2008). The Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 685 p. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 2 | 65
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
Page 18 and 19: THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
Page 20 and 21: One of the most important propertie
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Page 38 and 39: and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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Page 50 and 51: were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53: GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59: References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 60 and 61: level and parent material); vegetat
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Page 68 and 69: Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
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Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
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Figure 3. Most probable number and
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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
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Figure 1. Map of the study region w
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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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treatment procedures that clean the
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Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
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7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
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a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
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the National Council for Research a
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of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
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Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
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Materials and Methods In Admiralty
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stations. This alteration acts as a
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10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
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higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
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Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
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Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
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(Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
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13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
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Table 1. Percentage of records in t
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References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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