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10 A baseline studies on plasmatic constituents in the Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica Rodrigues Jr. 3,* , E.; Feijó-Oliveira, M. 3 ; Gannabathula, S. V. 1 ; Suda, C. N. K. 1 ; Carvalho, C. S. 4 ; Donatti, L. 3 ; Lavrado, H. P. 2 ; Rodrigues, E. 1 1 Universidade de Taubaté – UNITAU, Taubaté, SP, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – URFJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 4 Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil *e-mail: edsonrodj@gmail.com Abstract: The Antarctic Peninsula, a pristine natural system has been found to be very sensitive to changes in the environment arising from climate changes and anthropic activities. The plasmatic levels of various metabolic constituents in fish have been used to identify the effect of environmental changes. The present study aims to establish base line of plasmatic constituents (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein and albumin) concentrations in two Antarctic fish species, Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps, which are abundant in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Blood sample collection was done by caudal vessel puncture immediately after capture. Plasmatic levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly higher in N. rossii, at Refuge 2 compared to the other two sites, whereas there was no significant difference in albumin and total protein concentrations from the three sites. For N. coriiceps, only the albumin levels were higher at Refuge 2 compared to the other sites. The differences in the plasma constituent’s levels may be due to the physical and chemical differences in marine environments at sampling sites, as well as the morphological and lifestyle behavior of the two fish species. Key words: Antarctica, Notothenia, biomarkers, blood Introduction Admiralty Bay is the largest embayment located in King George Island, South Shetland Islands, which presents characteristics of a fjord, with a branching system of inlets and is an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA #1) (Leal et al., 2008; Valentin et al., 2010). About 1300 species of benthic organisms are known, including 35 species of fish of 24 genera and 10 families, where Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps are in the four most abundant species (Skora & Neyelov, 1992; Siciński et al., 2011). The two species have different adaptations to the water column. N. coriiceps is demersal and sedentary, feeds on benthic organisms, undergoes dormancy and metabolic suppression during winter (Campbell et al., 2008). N. rossii is semipelagic, migratory and feeds on water column prey during the summer months (Barrera-Oro, 2003; Campbell et al., 2008). The present study aims to investigate levels of plasmatic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins and albumin in two Antarctic fish species, N. rossii and N. coriiceps, at three different sites in Admiralty Bay. The studies were carried out to establish a baseline data for biochemical biomarkers and to understand the effects of climate change and pollutants on biological response of Antarctic organisms for monitoring Admiralty Bay. This is one of the goals in Antarctic Environmental research of the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology- Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT-APA). 144 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Materials and Methods Specimens of N. rossii and N. coriiceps were caught at Admiralty Bay, between December 2009 and March 2010, by hook and line fishing at depths between 10 m and 20 m. The sampling sites were Glacier Ecology Inlet (ECO; 62° 10’ 03.5” S 58° 26’ 59.8” W; close to penguin rookeries), Punta Plaza marine environment (PP; 62° 05’ 26.9” S and 58° 24’ 11.9” W; at least 8 km from penguin rookery), and Refuge 2 (R2; 62° 04’ 24.1 S and 58° 25’ 19.2”; in the Mackeller Inlet near a glacier). In addition to these three areas, fish specimens of the two species were collected near the oil tank at EACF using fishing net. The data obtained for these samples were not used in this study, as the level of stress of the fish caught using the fishing net is very high compared to hook and line fishing. To minimize the effect of stress on fish specimens, the blood collection was done in less than 60 seconds after the fish was removed from the water. The blood samples were collected by caudal vessel puncture with a heparinized syringe. The samples were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,000 g, The plasma was transferred to cryogenic tubes and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins and albumin, were determined using reagent kits of Labtest Diagnostic S/A. The spectrophotometer readings were carried out using a BMG Fluostar microplate reader on 96 wells microplates. The statistical analysis to compare the sampling sites of each species was done by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey a posteriori multiple pair wise test. Differences were considered significant for p < 0.05. Results Plasmatic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins and albumin levels of N. rossii and N. coriiceps from three sampling sites are summarized in Figure 1. In N. rossii the glucose, TG and cholesterol levels in R2 were significantly Figure 1. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, total proteins and albumin of Antarctic fish N. rossi and N. coriiceps at the sampling sites Point Plaza (PP), Glacier Ecology (ECO) and Refuge 2 (R2). Asterisks above bars indicate significant difference between the sampling sites (*p < 0,05; **p < 0.01). Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 145
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
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Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
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Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
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Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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