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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel. P. A. & Gavini, F. (1977). Microbiological monitoring: a new test for fecal contamination. In: Hohdley, A.W. & Dutka, B.J. Bacterial indicators / Health hazards associated with water. ASTM Special Technical Publication. vol. 635, 356 p. Lisle, J.T.; Smith, J.J.; Edwards, D.D. & McFeters, G.A. (2004). Occurrence of Microbial Indicators and Clostridium perfringens in Wastewater, Water Column Samples, Sediments, Drinking Water, and Weddell Seal Feces Collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(12): 7269-7276. Nakayama, C.R.; Ushimaru, P.I.; Vilella, D. & Pellizari, V.H. (2010). Occurrence of microbial faecal pollution indicators in sediment and water samples at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. In: Annual activities report (2010) of National Institute of Science and Tecnology on Antarctic Environmental Research. São Carlos: Editora Cubo. p. 164-166. Pote, J.; Haller L.; Kottelat R.; Sastre, V.; Arpagaus, P. & Wildi, W. (2009). Persistence and growth of faecal culturable bacterial indicators in water column and sediments of Vidy Bay, Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21: 62-69. von Sperling, M. (2005). Introdução à qualidade das águas e ao tratamento de esgotos. 3. ed. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG. 452 p. Wright, M.E.; Solo-Gabriele, H.M.; Elmir, S. & Fleming, L.E. (2009). Microbial load from animal feces at a recreational beach. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58: 1649-1656. 118 | Annual Activity Report 2011
5 TEMPORAL VARIATIONS AND SOURCES OF N-ALKANOLS AND STEROLS IN SEDIMENTS CORE FROM ADMIRALTY BAY, ANTARCTIC PENINSULA Edna Wisnieski 1,* , Márcia C. Bícego 2 , Rosalinda C. Montone 2 & César C. Martins 1,** 1 Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 61, CEP 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil 2 Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil e-mail: *ednawisnieski@gmail.com; **ccmart@ufpr.br Abstract: Sterols, n-alkanols and phytol were analyzed in three sediment cores collected in different regions of Admiralty Bay (Barrel Point, Refúgio II and Ferraz). The concentrations of total sterols ranged from 0.91 to 13.99 µg.g –1 , total n-alkanol from 0.20 to 2.14 µg.g –1 and phytol from 0.13 to 2.38 µg.g –1 . Cholesterol was the most abundant sterol in the three cores, while the short-chain n-alkanols were the predominant n-alkanols. Phytol showed relatively low concentrations in all cores. These results indicate marine sources as responsible for the more dominant input of sedimentary organic matter with lower contributions from terrestrial sources. The vertical distribution of the organic markers analyzed was similar, with higher concentrations found at the top layers of all cores and the lower concentrations in the deepest layers, with some variations occurring along the profile. These changes may be the result of natural events and temperature oscillation over the last century which may have altered the dynamics of the supply of organic matter of the sediments of Admiralty Bay. Keywords: organic matter, sterols, n-alkanols, Antarctic Peninsula Introduction Sterols and n-alkanols are organic markers present in the polar fraction of lipid extracts in marine sediments, being directly associated with primary production (Hudson et al., 2001). They are also essential to marine organisms, acting as key components of cell membranes and to the regulation of specific metabolic processes (Laureillard et al., 1997). These markers are used to distinguish terrestrial and marine sources of sedimentary organic matter through, generally, the number of carbon atoms present in the aliphatic chain, and identify organisms that act as sources of these compounds (Volkman, 1986; Faux et al., 2011). The distribution of these compounds in sediment cores may be useful for the understanding of the temporal and local environmental changes based on natural and anthropogenic events in the recent past. The aim of this work was to identify variations in the input and the sources of sedimentary organic matter deposited in sediments from Admiralty Bay, through the determination of organic markers, such as sterols and n-alkanols. Materials and Methods Study area The study area was defined as Admiralty Bay (62° 02’ S and 58° 21’ W), the largest fjord in the South Shetland Islands, located on King George Island (Figure 1), with total area of 120 km 2 . It is formed by a >500 m deep main channel, that divides the bay in three main inlets (Martel, Mackelar and Ezcurra), and in each there is a research station. The presence of high diversity of marine organisms, plants and animals, such as, fungi, mosses, birds and mammals, represents the sources of different classes of biomarkers. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 119
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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