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level and parent material); vegetation was mainly composed by higher plant species, mostly of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae); L3 was a poor-drained bare alluvium soil; and L4 was a poorly-drained moss (Sanionia uncinata) carpet with 100% soil cover, around a lake shore. Soil samples were obtained from three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depth) at three replicates per locality, air-dried, ground and sieved (2 mm). Soil bulk density samples were taken by the core method. Soil contents of sand, clay, silt, exchangeable P and K, total N and soil pH were determined according to Tedesco et al. (1995). Total organic C (TOC) contents were determined by dry combustion using a total organic C analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-VCSH, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). Chemical attributes were submitted to one-way ANOVA, with Tukey test (p < 0.05) to separate means in each soil layer. Physical attributes are reported with standard deviations (n = 3). Results Clay contents were relatively similar among the soils of the four areas (Table 1). However, silt content was consistently greater for the soil in the moraine (L1 and L2) than for the other soils, which is likely due to the fact that the soil of the moraine is more autochthonous and stable than the others. Lower soil bulk density was observed for L2 than for the other soils up to 20 cm soil layer, which is presumably credited to the plant roots effect on soil structure. Although both L1 and L2 are in a nesting/breeding field of skuas, the more abundant vegetation at the L2 promoted soil TOC stocks about five times larger than L1 (9.03 and 43.08 Mg C ha –1 , respectively, at the 0-40 cm layer), achieving the largest contents in all soil layers herein evaluated (Figure 1a). Moss vegetation (L3) also promoted larger soil TOC contents, but this effect was restricted to the surface soil layer and was not significantly different from the others. Relatively similar behavior was observed for total nitrogen contents in the soil profile. Total N stocks increased from 2.60 to 6.54 Mg N ha –1 for L1 and L2, respectively (Figure 1b). The bare alluvium soil and the moss soil had larger exchangeable K and smaller P contents than L1 and L2 (Figure 2). Contrarily to the distribution of TOC and TN contents, exchangeable P and K had no gradient along the soil profile. No significant effect of vegetation cover between L1 and L2 was observed for exchangeable P and K contents, but the soil pH was consistently lower in L2 than L1 - about 1.0 unit for the soil layers herein evaluated, which is probably linked to the soil organic matter accumulation. Discussion Although the presence of the seabirds represents an important transfer of organic material from marine to the terrestrial environment, the differences in TOC and NT contents between L1 and L2 evidence the importance of the high soil cover by higher plant species in order to raise Table 1. Soil bulk density, clay and silt contents, and pH for the four locals of air sampling in a transect in Punta Hennequin, Shetland Island, Antarctica. Locality Soil attribute Soil layer (cm) L1 L2 L3 L4 Soil bulk density (g cm –3 ) Clay content (g kg –1 ) Silt content (g kg –1 ) 0-10 1.34 ± 0.11 1.27 ± 0.14 1.43 ± 0.06 1.49 ± 0.02 10-20 1.51 ±0.09 1.29 ± 0.02 1.42 ± 0.02 1.49 ± 0.05 20-40 1.55 ±0.02 1.47 ± 0.14 1.47 ± 1.47 1.54 ± 0.05 0-10 17.2 ± 4.5 14.2 ± 1.3 8.6 ± 3.6 11.8 ± 0.9 10-20 13.0 ± 2.8 11.9 ± 3.7 9.6 ± 4.0 4.9 ± 2.3 20-40 4.2 ± 1.8 13.4 ± 7.3 7.6 ± 3.0 3.5 ± 0.9 0-10 162.2 ± 53.4 225.9 ± 103 149.3 ± 30.1 55.9 ± 16.1 10-20 198.6 ± 31.2 173.7 ± 38.7 72.9 ± 8.9 3.1 ± 2.7 20-40 266.1 ± 18.1 231.3 ± 38.2 199.2 ± 54.2 0.0 ± 0.0 L1: 5% soil cover with Deschampsia + Colobanthus; L2: 100% soil cover with Deschampsia+Colobanthus; L3: alluvium soil; L4: 100% soil cover with Usnea. Values are means (n = 3) ± standard deviations. 58 | Annual Activity Report 2011
a b Figure 1. Soil contents of total organic carbon (a) and total nitrogen (b) in four areas in a transect in Punta Hennequin, Antarctica. L1: 5% soil cover with Deschampsia + Colobanthus; L2: 100% soil cover with Deschampsia + Colobanthus; L3: alluvium soil; L4: 100% soil cover with Usnea. Horizontal bars mean the minimum significant difference (MSD) by Tukey test at P < 0.05 (n = 3). a Exchangeable P (mg dm –3 ) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 10 Depth (cm) 20 40 Exchangeable K (mg dm –3 ) b 0 100 200 300 400 0 pH-H 2 O c 0.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 0 10 10 Depth (cm) 20 40 Depth (cm) 20 40 L1 L2 L3 L4 MSD Tukey (P
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Page 10 and 11: Thematic Research Areas The Researc
Page 12 and 13: introduction Advances In Brazilian
Page 14: of soil contamination. At present,
Page 18 and 19: THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
Page 20 and 21: One of the most important propertie
Page 22 and 23: 1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
Page 24 and 25: the F2 layer critical frequency par
Page 26 and 27: with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
Page 28 and 29: 2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
Page 30 and 31: of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
Page 32 and 33: 3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
Page 34 and 35: a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
Page 36 and 37: 4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
Page 38 and 39: and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
Page 40 and 41: of Science, Technology and Innovati
Page 42 and 43: a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
Page 44 and 45: a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
Page 46 and 47: and infrared gas analyzer were setu
Page 48 and 49: THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
Page 50 and 51: were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53: GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59: References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 62 and 63: the soil organic matter levels. The
Page 64 and 65: 4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
Page 66 and 67: Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
Page 68 and 69: Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
Page 88 and 89: winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
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a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
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Discussion Larval forms are common
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4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
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Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
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Figure 3. Most probable number and
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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
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Figure 1. Map of the study region w
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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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treatment procedures that clean the
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Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
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7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
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a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
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the National Council for Research a
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of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
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Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
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Materials and Methods In Admiralty
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stations. This alteration acts as a
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10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
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higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
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Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
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Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
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(Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
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13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
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Table 1. Percentage of records in t
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References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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