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of 2011 (now under analysis). The horizontal wavelengths were distributed from 10 to 60 km, with a maximum occurrence between 20 and 40 km. The observed periods were distributed from 5 up to 60 minutes, with a maximum occurrence between 5 and 15 minutes. The observed phase speed has a distribution that extends from 0 to higher than 70 m/s, and the majority of the waves had velocities between 10 and 40 m/s. The results presented in Figure 2 are very similar to the observations reported previously for Antarctic latitudes (Bageston et al., 2009; Nielsen et al., 2009), with slight differences in the phase speed distribution and basically the same characteristics regarding the horizontal wavelength and observed period. Figure 3 shows the preferable propagation directions for the waves identified in 2010, and it is possible to identify Figure 3. Propagation directions for the waves observed at Ferraz Station in 2010. It is possible to identify an anisotropy to the northwest. a anisotropy, with most of the waves propagating to the northwest. Also, a significant number of wave events are seen propagating to the south and southwest. The results on the propagation direction of gravity waves are mainly related with the location of the gravity wave sources and also to the winds filtering processes below the airglow emission layer. b c Figure 2. Histogram plots for 74 gravity wave events characterized above Ferraz Station in 2010. The panels show the distribution of (A) horizontal wavelength, (B) observed period and (C) observed phase speed. Discussion and Conclusion The present work showed the statistics and characteristics of the gravity waves observed at Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (62.1° S and 58.4° W) during the austral winters of 2010 and 2011. We presented the wave characteristics and propagation directions for the waves identified in 2010. These results are similar to previous observations in Ferraz Station and in other sites around the Antarctic continent. The characteristics of the waves identified during 2011 are currently being analyzed, and the intrinsic wave parameters will be obtained for the full data set by using local mesospheric winds as obtained by a meteor radar. Future investigations will focus on gravity wave sources in the lower atmosphere through the reverse ray tracing model, which makes use of the observed wave parameters, mesospheric winds obtained by meteor radar and models, temperatures derived from satellite and reanalysis data, and meteorological satellite images. 28 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Acknowledgements The present research is supported by FAPESP under the grant n° 2010/06608-2. Also, this work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT-APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter-Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM). References Bageston, J.V. (2010). Caracterização de ondas de gravidade mesosféricas na Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz. Tese em Geofísica Espacial, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Available from: < http://www.inpe.br/biblioteca/>. Bageston, J.V.; Wrasse, C.M.; Batista, P.P.; Hibbins R.E.; Fritts, D.C.; Gobbi, D. & Andrioli, V.F. (2011). Observation of a mesospheric front in a thermal-doppler duct over King George Island, Antarctica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(s/n): 12137-12147. Bageston, J.V.; Wrasse, C.M.; Gobbi, D.; Tahakashi, H. & Souza, P. (2009). Observation of mesospheric gravity waves at Comandante Ferraz Antarctica Station (62°S). Annales Geophysicae, 27(s/n): 2593-2598. Espy, P.J.; Jones, G.O.L.; Swenson, G.R.; Tang, J. & Taylor, M.J. (2004). Seasonal variations of gravity wave momentum flux in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 109(D23109): 1-9 Fritts, D.C. & Alexander, M.J.( 2003). Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere. Reviews of Geophysics, 41(1): 3-1-3-64. Hibbins, R.E.; Espy, P.J.; Jarvis, M.J.; Riggin, D.M. & Fritts, D.C. (2007). A climatology of tides and gravity wave variance in the MLT above Rothera, Antarctica obtained by MF radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69: 578-588. Maekawa, R. (2000). Observations of gravity waves in the mesopause region by multicolor airglow imaging. Master Thesis, Kyoto University. Nielsen, K.; Taylor, M.J.; Stockwell, R.G. & Jarvis, M.J. (2006). An unusual mesospheric bore event observed at high latitudes over Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(L07803): 1-4. Nielsen, K.; Taylor, M.; Hibbins, R. & Jarvis, M. (2009). Climatology of short-period mesospheric gravity waves over Halley, Antarctica (76°S, 27°W). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71(s/n): 991-1000. Wrasse, C.M.; Takahashi, H.; Medeiros, A.F.; Lima, L.M.; Taylor, M.J.; Gobbi, D. & Fechine, J. (2007). Determinaçãoo dos parâmetros de ondas de gravidade através da análise espectral de imagens de aeroluminescência. RBGf - Brazilian Journal of Geophysics, 25(3): 257-266. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 1 | 29
Page 2 and 3: Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
Page 4 and 5: Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
Page 6 and 7: PRESENTATION National Institute of
Page 8 and 9: 6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Page 10 and 11: Thematic Research Areas The Researc
Page 12 and 13: introduction Advances In Brazilian
Page 14: of soil contamination. At present,
Page 18 and 19: THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
Page 20 and 21: One of the most important propertie
Page 22 and 23: 1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
Page 24 and 25: the F2 layer critical frequency par
Page 26 and 27: with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
Page 28 and 29: 2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
Page 32 and 33: 3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
Page 34 and 35: a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
Page 36 and 37: 4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
Page 38 and 39: and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
Page 40 and 41: of Science, Technology and Innovati
Page 42 and 43: a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
Page 44 and 45: a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
Page 46 and 47: and infrared gas analyzer were setu
Page 48 and 49: THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
Page 50 and 51: were widespread, reaching latitudes
Page 52 and 53: GPS to reference the points in an a
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
Page 58 and 59: References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
Page 60 and 61: level and parent material); vegetat
Page 62 and 63: the soil organic matter levels. The
Page 64 and 65: 4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
Page 66 and 67: Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
Page 68 and 69: Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
Page 70 and 71: of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81:
Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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these two types of sewage markers,
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1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
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Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
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we show the results from early summ
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a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
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3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
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a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
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Discussion Larval forms are common
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4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
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Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
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Figure 3. Most probable number and
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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
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Figure 1. Map of the study region w
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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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treatment procedures that clean the
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Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
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7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
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a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
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the National Council for Research a
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of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
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Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
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Materials and Methods In Admiralty
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stations. This alteration acts as a
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10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
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higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
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Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
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Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
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(Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
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13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
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Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165:
References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
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liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
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a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203:
FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215:
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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