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formaldehyde concentration too. Despite many studies associated VOCs concentration in new buildings, little is known about the behavior of these indoor compounds after a certain period of time (Clarisse et al., 2003). It is important to note that the formaldehyde concentration in bedroom 21 for an exposure of seven days was greater than the limit of the World Health Organization, which is 100 µg/m³ for 30 minutes exposition. Lower values were found in other studies. Missia et al. (2010) found 5.8‐62.6 µg/m³ inside three buildings with different ages and different ventilation systems and Weng et al. (2009) found a mean concentration for formaldehyde of 90.61 µg/ m³ inside supermarkets, stores and cinemas. Bedroom 21 showed the highest hexanaldehyde concentration compared to bedroom 10, which had the same building materials. This is due to the new plywood sub floor in bedroom 21, which is a probable major hexanal source, this compound is observed in abundance in new spaces with less than two years of construction using this material (Marchand et al., 2005). The library showed significant levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. A variety of VOCs are known to be emitted from paper and other cellulose-based materials during degradation, this includes the aldehydes as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (Fenech et al., 2010). The least concentration of aldehydes was shown in the places with greater air exchange, such as the gym, where the windows are frequently opened, and also in “Ferrazão”, carpentry and incinerator that are located outside the main body of the station. Conclusion Compounds such as acrolein, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and hexanaldehyde make a significant contribution to indoor air quality. Regarding building material, it is very likely that the pressed wood used in the floor, walls and furnishing present in the Antarctic Brazilian Station are responsible for many emissions of these pollutants. The formaldehyde, that is dangerous to health, showed higher levels in bedrooms mainly the new bedroom. Furthermore, the human activities such as cooking and cleaning agents were also responsible for some of the compounds detected. This may indicate the need to review the building materials and indoor ventilation strategy, as an important instrument of control of the sources of pollutant emissions. Acknowledgements This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter- Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM). References Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária – ANVISA. (2003). Resolução nº 899, de 29 de maio de 2003. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, maio. Andrade, M.A.S.; Pinheiro, H.L.C.; Pereira, P. & Andrade, J. (2002). Compostos carbonílicos atmosféricos. Química nova, 25(6): 1117-1131. Clarisse, B.; Laurent, A.M.; Seta, N.; Moullec, Y.; Le; Hasnaoui, A.E. & Momas, I. (2003). Indoor aldehydes: measurement of contamination levels and of their in Paris dwellings. Atmospheric Environment, 92(3): 245-53. Collins, C.H.; Braga, G.L. & Bonato, P.S. (2007). Fundamentos de cromatografia. São Paulo: Ed. Unicamp. 453 p. European Standard. (2006). EN ISO 16000-1: Indoor air: general aspects of sampling strategy. Bruxelas. 182 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Fenech, A.; Strlic, M.; Cigic, I.; Levart, A.; Gibson, L.; Bruin, G.; Ntanos, K.; Kolar, J. & Cassar, M. (2010). Volatile aldehydes in libraries and archives. Atmospheric Environment, 92(3): 245-53. Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (2011). Manual Radiello. Ed. Supelco. Marchand, C.; Bulliot, B.; Calve, S.; Mirabel, P. Aldehyde measurements in indoor environments in Strasbourg – France. (2005). Atmospheric Environment, 40(7): 1336-1345. Missia, D.; Demetriou, E.; Michael, N.; Tolis, E.I. & Bartzis, J.G. (2010). Indoor exposure from building materials: a field study. Atmospheric Environment, 44(35): 4388-4395. Seaman, V.; Bennett, D.; Cahill, T. (2009). Indoor acrolein emission and decay rates resulting from domestic cooking events. Atmospheric Environment, 43(39): 6199-6204. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – EPA. (1999). TO-11A: Determination of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air Using Adsorbent Cartridge Followed by HPLC.USA. Weng, M.; Zhu, L.; Yang, K. & Chen, S. (2009). Levels and health risks of carbonyl compounds in selected public places in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(2-3): 700-6. Weschler, C.J. Changes in indoor pollutants since the 1950s. (2008). Atmospheric Environment, 43(1): 153-169. World Health Organization - WHO. (2010). Guidelines for indoor air quality. Europe. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 4 | 183
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
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8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
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Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
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9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
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10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
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December and January) with a Repeat
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THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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these two types of sewage markers,
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1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
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Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
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Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
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we show the results from early summ
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a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
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3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
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a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
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Discussion Larval forms are common
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4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
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Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
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Figure 3. Most probable number and
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Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
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Figure 1. Map of the study region w
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Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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treatment procedures that clean the
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Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
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7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
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Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
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Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
Page 170 and 171: McInnes, S.J.; Chown, S.L.; Dartnal
Page 172 and 173: THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
Page 174 and 175: 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
Page 176 and 177: a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
Page 178 and 179: increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
Page 180 and 181: 2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
Page 182 and 183: filtered and stored in vials, below
Page 186 and 187: 3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
Page 188 and 189: Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
Page 190 and 191: 4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
Page 192 and 193: Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
Page 194 and 195: Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
Page 196 and 197: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
Page 198 and 199: Informative and educational materia
Page 200 and 201: 6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
Page 202 and 203: FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
Page 204 and 205: publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
Page 206 and 207: Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
Page 208 and 209: e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
Page 210 and 211: Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
Page 212: Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
Page 215: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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