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Figure 1. Map of the study region with three sampling stations at Admiralty Bay (03). The arrows indicate the current circulation direction within the bay (Rakusa-Suszczewski, 1980). 120 | Annual Activity Report 2011
Sampling The sampling was carried out during the austral summer of 2006/2007 and 2009/2010, in three inlets around Admiralty Bay (Ferraz - FER, Barrel Point - BAR and Refúgio II – REF, Figure 1). The cores were obtained from a box core sampler, and sub-sampled into sections of 1 cm (except REF, where sections were 2 cm). Analytical procedure The analytical method used to analyze the sterols and n-alkanols in sediments was adapted from UNEP (1992) with modification. Around 20 g of sediment were extracted using a Soxhlet system during 8h with 80 mL of n-hexane: dichloromethane (DCM) (1:1) (both J.T. Baker), and with 100 µL of a solution containing surrogates eicosene, hexadecene (50 ng.µL –1 ) and 5α-androstanol (20 ng.µL –1 ). This extract was reduced to c. 2 mL by rotoevaporation and submitted to a clean up in column chromatography using 3.2 g of silica (silica gel 60, 0.063-0.200 mm, Merck) and 1.8 g of alumina (aluminum oxide 90 active, 0.063- 0.200 mm, Merck) (5% deactivated). The samples were eluted with 10 mL of n-hexane to fraction 1 (aliphatic hydrocarbons – not analyzed), 15 mL of n-hexane/DCM 30% to fraction 2 (PAHs +alkenones – not analyzed) and 5 mL of ethanol/DCM 1:9, following 20 mL of ethanol to fraction 3 (sterols and n-alkanols). The fraction 3 was evaporated to dryness and derivatized to form trimethylsilyl ethers using BSTFA (bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) with 1% TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane) during 90 minutes at 65 °C. The mixture of TMS-sterols and n-alkanols derivatives was determined by the injection of 2 µL into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results Seventeen sterols were identified, with total sterols concentration ranging from 0.91 to 2.17 µg.g –1 (BAR), from 1.63 to 8.59 µg.g –1 (REF) and from 2.64 to 13.99 µg.g –1 (FER). The distribution of total sterols concentration according to the depth for three cores can be visualized in Figure 2. Total sterols in BAR showed higher concentration between 7 and 11 cm, with lower concentrations in deeper layers. In REF, higher concentrations were found from 7 cm toward the surface while FER showed some variations over time, with lower concentrations observed between 7 and 16 cm (Figure 2). Figure 2. Vertical profile of total sterols (in µg.g –1 ) in sediment cores from Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 121
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
Page 72 and 73: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 74 and 75: (Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
Page 88 and 89: winter habitat selection (Trivelpie
Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
Page 96 and 97: these two types of sewage markers,
Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements This work integrat
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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THEMATIC AREA 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG
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1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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