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Acknowledgements This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter-Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM). References Burns, K. & Brinkman, D. (2011). Organic biomarkers to describe the major carbon inputs and cycling of organic matter in the central Great Barrier Reef region. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 93: 132-141. Faux, J.F.; Belicka, L.L. & Harvey, H.R. (2011). Organic sources and carbon sequestration in Holocene shelf sediments from the western Arctic Ocean. Continental Shelf Research, 31: 1169-1179. Hasset, J.P. & Lee, G.F. (1977). Sterols in natural water and sediments. Water Research, 11: 983-989. Hudson, E.D.; Parrish, C.C. & Helleur, R.J. (2001). Biogeochemistry of sterols in plankton, settling particles and recent sediments in a cold ocean ecosystem (Trinity Bay, Newfoundland). Marine Chemistry, 76: 253-270. Laureillard, J.; Pinturier, L.; Fillaux J. & Saliot, A. (1997). Organic geochemistry of marine sediments of the Subantarctic Indian Ocean sector: Lipid classes – sources and fate. Deep-Sea Research II, 44: 1085-1108. Meyers, P.A. (1997). Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes. Organic Geochemistry, 27(5-6): 213-250. Rakusa-Suszczewski, S. (1980). Environmental conditions and the functioning of Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands Islands) as part of near shore Antarctic ecosystem. Polish Polar Research, 1: 11-27. United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP. (1992). Determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments. United Nations Environment Programme Reference Methods for marine pollution studies, 20: 1-75. Volkman, J.K. (1986). A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter. Organic Geochemistry, 9: 83-100. Volkman, J.K. (2005). Sterols and other triterpenoids: source specefety and evolution of biosynthetic pathways. Organic Geochemistry, 36: 139-159. Volkman, J.K. (2006). Lipid Markers for Marine Organic Matter. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. part. 2, p. 27-70. Volkman, J,K.; Revill, A.T.; Holdsworth, D.G. & Fredericks, D. (2008). Organic matter sources in an enclosed coastal inlet assessed using lipid biomarkers and stable isotopes. Organic Geochemistry, 39: 689-710. Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, X. & Sun, L. (2007). Penguins and vegetations on Ardley Island, Antarctica: evolution in the past 2,400 years. Polar Biology, 30: 1475-1481. Xiong, Y.; Wu, F.; Fang, J.; Wang, L.; Li, Y. & Liao, H. (2010). Organic geochemical record of environmental changes in Lake Dianchi, China. Journal of Paleolimnology, 44: 217-231. 124 | Annual Activity Report 2011
6 Fecal sterols and linear alkylbenzenes in surface sediments collected at 2009/10 austral summer in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica César de Castro Martins 1,* , Sabrina Nart Aguiar 1,2 , Márcia Caruso Bícego 3 , Liziane Marcella Michelotti Ceschim 1 , Rosalinda Carmela Montone 3 1 Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 61, CEP 83255- 976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil 2 Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Morro do Valonguinho, s/n, Niterói, CEP 24020-150, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 3 Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil *e-mail: ccmart@ufpr.br Abstract: Fecal sterols (coprostanol and epicoprostanol) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) are efficient geochemical markers of sewage input in marine environment because they present stability and resistance to degradation processes. The Antarctic region is considered one of the best preserved environments in the world, however the discharge of sewage directly into the marine environments around scientific stations has resulted in changes in this pristine site. In order to assess the distribution and concentration of sewage indicators from Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station, sediments were sampled during the 2009/10 austral summer at four points: (1) Refuge II (Mackelar Inlet), (2) Ferraz, (3) Ulmann and (4) Botany Point (Martel Inlet) at depths around of 20 until 30 m. The organic markers were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID) and mass spectrometer detectors (GC-MS). Concentrations of fecal sterols and LABs ranged from
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
Page 76 and 77: completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
Page 78 and 79: Results The average SOI presented a
Page 80 and 81: Table 1. ANCOVA results of demograp
Page 82 and 83: 8 RESPONSES OF AN ANTARCTIC KELP GU
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2. Average number of Kelp Gu
Page 86 and 87: 9 Population fluctuation of Pygosce
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Page 90 and 91: 10 FORAGING DISTRIBUTION OF AN ANTA
Page 92 and 93: December and January) with a Repeat
Page 94 and 95: THEMATIC AREA 3 Impact of human act
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Page 98 and 99: 1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, PH, DISSOL
Page 100 and 101: Results In Table 1 we show the ocea
Page 102 and 103: Robakiewicz, M. & Rakusa-Suszczewsk
Page 104 and 105: we show the results from early summ
Page 106 and 107: a b c d Figure 2. Variations at dif
Page 108 and 109: 3 SUMMER VARIATION OF ZOOPLANKTON C
Page 110 and 111: a b Figure 2. Mean numbers of holop
Page 112 and 113: Discussion Larval forms are common
Page 114 and 115: 4 ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL POLLUTION IN
Page 116 and 117: Presence of C. perfringens in DCRM
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Most probable number and
Page 120 and 121: Leclerc, H.; Mossel, D. A.; Trinel.
Page 122 and 123: Figure 1. Map of the study region w
Page 124 and 125: Fourteen n-alkanols were identified
Page 128 and 129: treatment procedures that clean the
Page 130 and 131: Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine s
Page 132 and 133: 7 FRACTIONATION OF TRACE METALS AND
Page 134 and 135: a b Figure 1. Trace element mobile
Page 136 and 137: the National Council for Research a
Page 138 and 139: of humans (Bargagli et al., 1998).
Page 140 and 141: Farías, S.; Smichowski, P.; Velez,
Page 142 and 143: Materials and Methods In Admiralty
Page 144 and 145: stations. This alteration acts as a
Page 146 and 147: 10 A baseline studies on plasmatic
Page 148 and 149: higher than ECO and PP, where as to
Page 150 and 151: 11 Effect of diesel oil on gill enz
Page 152 and 153: Figure 1. Activity of enzymes hexok
Page 154 and 155: Regoli, F.; Principato, G.B.; Berto
Page 156 and 157: (Steneck et al., 2002), consisting
Page 158 and 159: Munnidae, Plakarthidae, Jaeropsidae
Page 160 and 161: 13 TRACKING NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN T
Page 162 and 163: Table 1. Percentage of records in t
Page 164 and 165: References Carlton, J.T. (2009). De
Page 166 and 167: liverworts, lichens, algaes (Smykla
Page 168 and 169: a b c d Figure 2. Taxonomic details
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Page 174 and 175: 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOISE AND PS
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a b Figure 1. EACF acoustic mapping
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increases to 55 dB (A) the speech r
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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