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Figure 2. Fecal sterols in marine sediments in the vicinity of the EACF (10-20 m depth) in the austral summer from 1997/98 to 2009/10. The line at 0.19 μg g −1 suggests the background value for Martel Inlet. concentrations of fecal sterols in sediments near the Ferraz outfall (10-20 m depth) were plotted together, as shown in Figure 2. The sewage contribution gradually increases until 2003/04 as a result of the human population doubling at Ferraz Station over time. However, after this period, the concentrations declined as result of some adaptation to the sewage outfall used to discharge the treated waste water. The sewage contribution to Admiralty Bay is still under control because of local hydrodynamic conditions, especially due to tidal effects, which have favored the dispersion of the sewage effluent in the shallow coastal zone at Martel Inlet and the levels found in this study are lower than suggested by Gonzalez-Oreja & Saiz-Salinas (1998) as indicator of sewage contamination (>0.50 μg g −1 ). The maximum concentration to fecal sterols (0.17 μg g −1 ) is close to the value previously calculated as background level to Martel Inlet (0.19) what confirms the statement above. Total LABs were found only at sites close to Ferraz Station (FER-A and FER-B) and it was around 42.5 and 46.5 ng g –1 . Further, total LABs found at sites in the current study, in general, are very low compared to levels at Davis Station (510 ng g −1 ) (Green & Nichols, 1995). However, the levels are similar or slightly higher compared to a previous studies released at Admiralty Bay (12 ng g −1 – Martins et al., 2002; 35 ng.g -1 – Montone et al., 2010). In general, higher concentrations of LABs with 11 up to 13 carbon atoms were observed, being coincident with the main mixture of Cm-LABs (m = 10 – 14) used in Brazil, with the percentage of each isomer group as follows: 5-16% (C 10 -LABs), 28-45% (C 11 -LABs), 25-30% (C 12 -LABs), 10- 30% (C 13 -LABs) and
Acknowledgements C.C. Martins, S.N. Aguiar and L. M. M. Ceschim thank those responsible for the PQ-2 Grant (CNPq 307110/2008-7), the scholarship (PIBIC/CNPq) and for DTI-3 scholarship (CNPq 382434/2009-9), respectively. This work integrates the National Institute of Science and Technology Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT- APA) that receives scientific and financial support from the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq process: n° 574018/2008-5) and Carlos Chagas Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ n° E-16/170.023/2008). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Brazilian Ministries of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), of Environment (MMA) and Inter- Ministry Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM). The data set of this work were also published in Marine Pollution Bulletin v.64 (2012), p.2867–2870. References Gonzalez-Oreja, J.A. & Saiz-Salinas, J.I. (1998). Short-term spatio-temporal changes in urban pollution by means of faecal sterols analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36: 868-75. Green, G. & Nichols, P.D. (1995). Hydrocarbons and sterols in marine sediments and soils at Davis Station, Antarctica: a survey for human-derived contaminants. Antarctic Science ,7: 137-44. Gröndahl, F.; Sidenmark, J. & Thomsen, A. (2008). Survey of waste water disposal practices at Antarctic research stations. Polar Research, 28: 298-306. Hughes, K.A. & Thompson, A. (2004). Distribution of sewage pollution around a maritime Antarctic research station indicated by faecal coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and faecal sterol markers. Environmental Pollution, 127: 315-21. Kawakami, S.K. & Montone, R.C. (2002). An efficient ethanol-based analytical protocol to quality fecal steroids in marine sediments. Journal of Brazilian Chemical Society, 13: 226-32. Martins, C.C.; Bícego, M.C. Mahiques, M.M. Figueira, R.C.L. Tessler, M.G. & Montone, R.C. (2010). Depositional history of sedimentary linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Southeastern Brazil). Environmental Pollution, 158: 3355-64. Martins, C.C.; Montone, R.C. Gamba, R.C. & Pellizari, V.H. (2005). Sterols and fecal indicator microorganisms in sediments from Admiralty Bay, Antarctica. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 53: 1-12. Martins, C.C.; Venkatesan, M.I. & Montone, R.C. (2002). Sterols and linear alkylbenzenes in marine sediments from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Antarctic Science, 14: 244-52. Martins, C.C.; Aguiar, S.N. Bícego, M.C. & Montone, R.C. (2012). Sewage organic markers in surface sediments around the Brazilian Antarctic station: Results from the 2009/10 austral summer and historical tendencies. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64: 2867-70. Montone, R.C.; Martins, C.C.; Bícego, M.C.; Taniguchi, S.; Silva, D.A.M.; Campos, L.S. & Weber, R.R. (2010). Distribution of sewage input in marine sediments around a maritime Antarctic research station indicated by molecular geochemical indicators. Science of the Total Environment, 408: 4665-71. Santos, I.R.; Fávaro, D.I.T.; Schaefer, C.E.G.R. & Silva-Filho, E.V. (2007). Sediment geochemistry in coastal maritime Antarctica (Admiralty Bay, King George Island): Evidence from rare earths and other elements. Marine Chemistry, 107: 464-74. United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP. (1992). Determinations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments. Reference methods for marine pollution studies. Science Highlights - Thematic Area 3 | 129
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Annual Activity Report 2011 Expedie
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Cataloguing Card I59a Annual Activi
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PRESENTATION National Institute of
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6 | Annual Activity Report 2011
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Thematic Research Areas The Researc
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introduction Advances In Brazilian
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of soil contamination. At present,
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THEMATIC AREA 1 ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHER
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One of the most important propertie
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1 ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN A
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the F2 layer critical frequency par
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with the Gleissberg cycle (~90 year
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2 MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES OBSERVE
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of 2011 (now under analysis). The h
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3 SYNOPTIC WEATHER SYSTEM ASSOCIATE
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a b c Figure 2. Wind field daily av
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4 INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE
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and New Zealand (Brinksma et al., 1
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of Science, Technology and Innovati
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a b Figure 1. South tower of the Br
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a b c d e f g Figure 3. Diurnal var
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and infrared gas analyzer were setu
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THEMATIC AREA 2 IMPACT OF GLOBAL CH
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were widespread, reaching latitudes
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GPS to reference the points in an a
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Figure 2 can suggest that the 6 pat
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Materials and Methods Phytossociolo
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References Bednarek-Ochyra, H.; Van
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level and parent material); vegetat
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the soil organic matter levels. The
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4 CONSERVATION STATUS OF MOSS SPECI
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Figure 1. The most frequent moss fo
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Olech, M. (1996). Human impact on t
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of apothecia or perithecia) were ma
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Acknowledgements This work integrat
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(Figure 1). There were found two sp
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completely smooth hymenophore (Ager
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Results The average SOI presented a
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2 ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ALDEHYDES IN T
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filtered and stored in vials, below
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formaldehyde concentration too. Des
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3 RESULTS OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN
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Figure 1. Requirements of ISO 14.00
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4 BIOREMEDIATION OF THE DIESEL-CONT
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Figure 1. Soil sampling points in t
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Bacteria a Archaea b c Microeukaryo
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EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES D
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Informative and educational materia
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6. T-shirts: for each exhibition, t
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FACTS AND FIGURES Human Resources:
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publications Papers Bageston, J.V.;
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Fanticele, F. B. Avaliação de con
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e-mails inct - apa reserach team Th
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Dr. Márcia Caruso Bícego (IOUSP)
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Tecnologista Heber Passos (INPE/INC
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Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Te
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