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Renewable Energy Resources in Oman 4.2.2 Solar energy resources The solar resources at various locations and the monthly variations are presented in Fig. 4.5 and Fig. 4.6. Fig. 4.5 Global insolation average for 1987-1992 for the stations included in this study. Global solar radiation. Average 1987-1992. kWh/m2 per day 7.00 6.00 5.38 5.48 5.69 6.09 kWh/m2 per day 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 4.51 4.53 1.00 0.00 Salalah Sur Buraimi Seeb Fahud Marmul Fig. 4.6 Global solar insolation (on horizontal) average 1987-1992 for the 6 stations. Global solar radiation, average 1987-1992, kWh/m2 per day 8.00 7.00 kWh/m2 per day 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Buraimi Seeb Fahud Sur Marmul Salalah 1.00 0.00 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Page 58 of 134 .
Renewable Energy Resources in Oman The seasonal variation on a sloped surface will be smaller than on fig 4.6 for horizontal radiation. The monthly average solar insolation for each of the six stations is enclosed in Appendix 4. General evaluation of the data. The solar insolation varies from 4.5 to 6.1 kWh/m 2 per day, corresponding to 1,640 to 2,200 kWh per year. The difference between the highest and the lowest daily mean insolation within a month is shown in Appendix 4. The difference is significant when the insolation is low. For a good location like Fahud the global insolation vary from 2 to 5 kWh per day in January, while the variation in July to September is only from 5 to 7 kWh per day. The yearly variation in average amounts to about 4 kWh/m 2 per day for January to about 6.5 kWh/m 2 per day for May in which the solar insolation is highest. Salalah and Sur have a significantly lower insolation than other stations. In Salalah it is due to the summer rain period from July to September(Khareef season). For Sur the reason may be due to frequent periods with fog. The insulation in Seeb is high even though it is near the coast. For all stations there is a significant difference between the minimum and maximum values, indicating that on all locations there will be days with little insulation and with a need for backup for systems based on solar energy. Generally the highest potential is in the dessert areas and the lowest potential is at the coastal area in the southern part of Oman. The solar resources in Oman are among the highest in the world. The highest solar irradiation occurs during the summer period where the electricity demand is highest. However, the seasonal variation in the demand is much higher than the variation in the solar radiation. A system based on 100 % solar energy in the summer time will therefore give a surplus of power in the winter. The surplus could be exported if possible. Seasonal storage in that magnitude is not available. The total solar energy resources in Oman are huge and can theoretically cover all energy demands and could provide for an export as well. High solar energy density is available in all regions of Oman. The highest density is found in the dessert areas and the lowest density is in the coastal areas in the southern part of Oman. The level of the solar energy density in Oman is among the highest in the world. Page 59 of 134 .
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Authority for Electricity Regulatio
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Renewable Energy Resources in Oman
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2. Mazoon Electricity Company Eng.
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4. Oman Waste Water Company Eng, Om
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6. Ministry of Regional Municipalit
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According to SQU studies, wind and
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9. Ministry of Transport and Teleco
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11. Supreme Committee for Town Plan
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13. Ministry of National Economy H.
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15. Petrol Development Oman (PDO) C
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16. Scientific Research Council H.E
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B. Comments received General info E
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ecause of missing DNA in Oman. Ener
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Appendix 2 Site visits Photos from
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Photo 5. View towards Masirah islan
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Global solar radiation, 1987-1992,
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Appendix 6
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6.2 Examples of applications at var
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Fig. A 6.2 Example of rural system
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Fig. A 6.5 Example of large scale s
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Appendix 7
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Appendix 8 and 9
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• A 20 MW power converter to conv
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Appendix 9 List of R&D references a
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Appendix 10 Average production cost
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Appendix 11 Examples of Tax Credit
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0.5 0.4 Levelized Cost of Energy vs
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18 Electric Load 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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Fig. A 13.2 . Assumed fuel efficien
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