A ripple in development? - Channel Research

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51. A capacity focused programming concept should be developed by donors, NGOs and UN agencies which seeks to invest in actors rather than anticipate outcomes and impact in highly volatile environments (capacity focused rather than results focused only). 52. NGOs and UN agencies should seek to create more linkages to academic institutions and to long term plans for civil society institutions (which provide the bulk of the response in early stages), allocating funds to joint studies and surveys, and creating an index of specialist resources. 8.4 For civil society agencies Less restrictive risk reduction 53. Civil society organisations working in National Disaster Risk Reduction initiatives, even if benefiting from rising public concern about a single hazard, should promote a multi-hazard approach. 54. Civil society organisations should monitor investments by Government and donors to verify that disaster risks have been considered in the investment decision. More long range analysis 4. Academic institutions should support a system-wide, well organised and sustained effort to develop a discipline of disaster studies that will lead to both more informed action as well as more informed actors. Better notions of capacity building 5. Local civil society should develop ‘anti-poaching standards’ for local staff that minimise the negative impact on local human resource pools of the sudden arrival of international NGOs, including considerations of secondments of foreign staff to local organisations, and direct funding. 6. Some recent studies have suggested the need for a high level panel to oversee the international humanitarian system’s progress for disaster response, globally but also in south Asia. Such a panel could consider the issues above, to seek greater consensus on issues and inform debates on priorities with national state authorities. 122
Appendix 1 Terms of reference 1 Introduction and background This evaluation is a follow-up of the evaluation of the linkage of relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) which was part of the large, international evaluation of tsunami disaster support carried out in 2005–6 by the Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC). The TEC evaluation had five parts and four parts concentrated largely on process issues – coordination, need assessment, capacitybuilding and funding – while the LRRD part looked at outcome issues as well: what were the consequences of successful and unsuccessful linkages between the different stages of recovery? Already during autumn 2005, when the TEC-LRRD evaluation 1 was carried out as one of the five TEC studies, it was said that a later follow-up would be necessary in order to capture the rehabilitation/ reconstruction and development aspects when the interventions had progressed further. The tsunami disaster along the coasts of the Indian Ocean in December 2004 generated an unprecedented response from the international donor community, individuals and NGOs worldwide and private companies. Massive resources for immediate disaster relief were mobilised very fast and large amounts of money became available for recovery and reconstruction. The governments in the most affected countries mobilised extraordinary resources and in e.g. Indonesia and Sri Lanka special government agencies were created to handle the reconstruction. The multitude of organisations involved in the aftermath of the tsunami created problems of overview, coordination, follow-up and reporting to relevant receivers of information. At the initiative of 1 The first LRRD evaluation published five reports: a literature review, two reports from field studies in Indonesia and Sri Lanka, one report about LRRD policies and practices in international organisations, and one LRRD synthesis report. 123
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A ripple in development? Long term
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Authors: Emery Brusset (team leader
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5 Risk reduction...................
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NGO OCHA Sida TEC TOR UN UNDP UNFPA
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State and civil society The interve
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tion is not complete, the achieveme
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For donor governments Strengthen lo
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14. NGOs and UN agencies should see
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We would like to warmly thank all t
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ilitation and development (Linking
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Consequently, our study has asked:
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the style of the text in the evalua
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The team, however, enjoyed privileg
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Table 1 Summary of interviews by ca
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was the local level administration
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2 The state and civil society 2.1 I
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On the other hand, the public’s p
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Although there is here a natural ha
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struction process, and unpredictabi
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cial structures. The context for in
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In the Maldives, the level of destr
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In Sri Lanka despite strong mobilis
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increase at the local level, the pr
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to the status quo ante, have limite
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3 Poverty, livelihoods and economic
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This evaluation has taken account o
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income by carrying out petty tradin
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The positive effects of aid assista
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Table 3e Aid disbursement flows for
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the tsunami affected areas. The Ace
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In 2005 prior to the peace agreemen
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In general, the main household inco
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omy. The Acehnese tend to have expe
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“The relatively limited economic
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was perceived to be played by NGOs,
Page 73: Yet the potential for change is cre
Page 76 and 77: Shelter and housing have been salie
Page 78 and 79: example in health or women’s live
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Page 82 and 83: not been sufficiently guided in rec
Page 84 and 85: Sri Lanka’s mainstream programme
Page 86 and 87: However, there are exceptions in bo
Page 89 and 90: 5 Risk reduction 5.1 Introduction T
Page 91 and 92: Indonesia also has new legislation
Page 93 and 94: Tsunamis present a relatively rare
Page 95 and 96: There is an issue also with the “
Page 97 and 98: More positively, the second type of
Page 99 and 100: 6 Capacity development 6.1 Introduc
Page 101 and 102: and Italy. The Programme’s object
Page 103 and 104: sulted communities in the east to c
Page 105 and 106: things to many actors over time res
Page 107 and 108: The use of information plays a cons
Page 109 and 110: 7 Conclusions The conclusions here
Page 111 and 112: The following figure illustrates th
Page 113 and 114: 7.3 The need to give greater effect
Page 115 and 116: Attention has not yet focused on ar
Page 117 and 118: 7.8 Overall conclusion The risk of
Page 119 and 120: 8 Recommendations The recommendatio
Page 121 and 122: 8.2 For donor governments Strengthe
Page 123: 43. Conflict sensitivity analysis s
Page 127 and 128: 1.2 The LRRD concept 4 LRRD is a mu
Page 129 and 130: The efforts of the international ai
Page 131 and 132: 2.2.1 Thematic questions A. The ret
Page 133 and 134: c) How have the micro-politics of l
Page 135 and 136: Particular issues to be reviewed in
Page 137 and 138: In order to obtain relevant materia
Page 139 and 140: Within two weeks prior to commencin
Page 141 and 142: Appendix 2 Details of methodology A
Page 143 and 144: District Sub District Samples Total
Page 145 and 146: Appendix 3 List of persons and grou
Page 147 and 148: Surname, Forenames Dilreshi Dirhams
Page 149 and 150: Surname, Forenames Krassnitzer, Joh
Page 151 and 152: Surname, Forenames Organisation and
Page 153 and 154: Surname, Forenames Tveitnes, Ranvei
Page 155 and 156: Date Attendees No. of ♂ No. of
Page 164: This report is a follow-up evaluati
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