A ripple in development? - Channel Research

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The five themes are: • The return of the state and civil society • Poverty, livelihoods and economic recovery • Rebuilding the social fabric and community development • Reduction of risks from natural hazards and conflict • Capacity development 2.1.1 Who is being evaluated? Because linkages are the subject of this evaluation, all possible actors and their operations should in principle be included. Also, the immediately affected people are actors from the evaluation point of view and their roles both as beneficiaries and as actors – with their own ‘LRRD projects’ – should be given special consideration in the evaluation. The actions of the national and local governments will be analysed in the evaluation, including their domestic, policy-related role. In the context of the tsunami disaster the bilateral and multilateral donors have multiple roles: as conventional development cooperation partners, as humanitarian actors both in the tsunami disaster and previously in connection with the internal conflicts in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, as donors to international and possibly local NGOs, and in varying degrees as responsible representatives for their own citizens hit by the wave or the earthquake. The international NGOs are important actors as well as the local NGOs or community organs, which have mixed roles as implementing agencies, beneficiaries and political lobby groups. Involvement by the national governments and by local evaluators in the planning and execution of the evaluation will be very important for this theme in order to capture this range of perspectives. 2.2 Lists of evaluation questions The following sets of questions that are listed in order to capture the relevance and effectiveness of aid within the context of national and local response. The questions are not intended to be answered one by one but care should be taken that all the answers, in one way or another, are answered in the reports. The list is not exhaustive and should be read as a way to elaborate the theme. The consultant may include additional relevant issues provided they are within the scope of the evaluation. The themes and the questions listed cannot be covered by one kind of source only and care should be taken to support findings and conclusions by evidence from different sources (‘triangulation’). Gender perspectives and other perspectives linked to social differences, e.g. age, are not explicitly focused in the questions listed but should be kept in mind when addressing the themes and questions. 128
2.2.1 Thematic questions A. The return of the state and civil society Thematic scope: This theme aims to capture the process and the outcomes of return to normally functioning government and community functions, which does not necessarily means a return to status quo ante. Also it shall cover the transitional nature of humanitarian agencies and NGOs and how they facilitate or disrupt return to a normal situation. a) To what extent have state and civil society institutions regained their capacity to lead recovery, development and risk reduction? b) Have aid agencies transformed their roles from that of implementer to one of support and facilitation? What can be learned from this experience? c) To what extent has accurate information on reconstruction plans reached affected communities and has this provided the basis for genuine decision-making at local level? Have effective mechanisms been put into place through which households can present concerns and complaints about aid programmes? d) What lessons can be drawn from comparison of the three very different experiences of Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Maldives with regard to decentralisation and subsidiarity? e) To what extent have aid interventions effectively supported the restoration of public service institutions (including their human resource capacity where this was depleted)? Has assistance recognised limitations on sustainable public expenditure? f) To what extent has support to the reconstruction of infrastructure such as schools and health facilities been matched by appropriate attention to human resource and institutional constraints? g) How has the reconstruction effort addressed pre-tsunami deficiencies in basic services, including water and sanitation and solid waste management in particular? h) How do national and local state and civil society actors perceive the relevance and impact of the ‘capacity building’ efforts so far of the aid community? What say have they had in how this has been planned and implemented? i) Has the tsunami response become more related to the ‘harmonisation and alignment’ agenda agreed upon by donors in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness? How has the nature of the relationships between aid agencies and state and civil society institutions changed over time? 129
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A ripple in development? Long term
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Authors: Emery Brusset (team leader
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5 Risk reduction...................
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NGO OCHA Sida TEC TOR UN UNDP UNFPA
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State and civil society The interve
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tion is not complete, the achieveme
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For donor governments Strengthen lo
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14. NGOs and UN agencies should see
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We would like to warmly thank all t
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ilitation and development (Linking
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Consequently, our study has asked:
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the style of the text in the evalua
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The team, however, enjoyed privileg
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Table 1 Summary of interviews by ca
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was the local level administration
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2 The state and civil society 2.1 I
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On the other hand, the public’s p
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Although there is here a natural ha
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struction process, and unpredictabi
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cial structures. The context for in
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In the Maldives, the level of destr
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In Sri Lanka despite strong mobilis
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increase at the local level, the pr
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to the status quo ante, have limite
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3 Poverty, livelihoods and economic
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This evaluation has taken account o
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income by carrying out petty tradin
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The positive effects of aid assista
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Table 3e Aid disbursement flows for
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the tsunami affected areas. The Ace
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In 2005 prior to the peace agreemen
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In general, the main household inco
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omy. The Acehnese tend to have expe
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“The relatively limited economic
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was perceived to be played by NGOs,
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Yet the potential for change is cre
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Shelter and housing have been salie
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example in health or women’s live
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Page 82 and 83: not been sufficiently guided in rec
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Page 86 and 87: However, there are exceptions in bo
Page 89 and 90: 5 Risk reduction 5.1 Introduction T
Page 91 and 92: Indonesia also has new legislation
Page 93 and 94: Tsunamis present a relatively rare
Page 95 and 96: There is an issue also with the “
Page 97 and 98: More positively, the second type of
Page 99 and 100: 6 Capacity development 6.1 Introduc
Page 101 and 102: and Italy. The Programme’s object
Page 103 and 104: sulted communities in the east to c
Page 105 and 106: things to many actors over time res
Page 107 and 108: The use of information plays a cons
Page 109 and 110: 7 Conclusions The conclusions here
Page 111 and 112: The following figure illustrates th
Page 113 and 114: 7.3 The need to give greater effect
Page 115 and 116: Attention has not yet focused on ar
Page 117 and 118: 7.8 Overall conclusion The risk of
Page 119 and 120: 8 Recommendations The recommendatio
Page 121 and 122: 8.2 For donor governments Strengthe
Page 123 and 124: 43. Conflict sensitivity analysis s
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 1 Terms of reference 1 Int
Page 127 and 128: 1.2 The LRRD concept 4 LRRD is a mu
Page 129: The efforts of the international ai
Page 133 and 134: c) How have the micro-politics of l
Page 135 and 136: Particular issues to be reviewed in
Page 137 and 138: In order to obtain relevant materia
Page 139 and 140: Within two weeks prior to commencin
Page 141 and 142: Appendix 2 Details of methodology A
Page 143 and 144: District Sub District Samples Total
Page 145 and 146: Appendix 3 List of persons and grou
Page 147 and 148: Surname, Forenames Dilreshi Dirhams
Page 149 and 150: Surname, Forenames Krassnitzer, Joh
Page 151 and 152: Surname, Forenames Organisation and
Page 153 and 154: Surname, Forenames Tveitnes, Ranvei
Page 155 and 156: Date Attendees No. of ♂ No. of
Page 164: This report is a follow-up evaluati
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