A ripple in development? - Channel Research

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NGO OCHA Sida TEC TOR UN UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WFP WHO Non Governmental Organisation Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Tsunami Evaluation Coalition Terms of Reference United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations Population Fund United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund World Food Programme World Health Programme 6
Executive summary Introduction Have the links between relief assistance, rehabilitation, and development been less significant than other issues which have affected the lives of the populations, in the recovery process after the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004? The present evaluation indicates that unless stronger synergies are made between the different interventions, they could be considered to create only a ripple in longer term structural dynamics in the region. This evaluation was commissioned by a group of governments from the region, aid donors and other organisations to review the relevance and the effectiveness of interactions between the interventions to help the populations in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Maldives to recover from the 2004 tsunami. The evaluation was carried out at the end of 2008 and early 2009 by a team of independent consultants, covering separately five sets of issues: the roles of the states and civil society, livelihoods and poverty, social relations, disaster risk mitigation, and capacity building. It was composed of a review of some 600 documents and annotated bibliography, a qualitative field research process, and a quantitative survey of the affected populations. It covered the work of NGOs, UN agencies, donor and national governments, but also civil society and community initiatives. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the resulting tsunami prompted exceptional expressions of human solidarity in the coastal areas of these three countries, in which an estimated US$13 billion was donated (a good part of which given directly by individuals), predominantly in 2005–06. Over 225,000 lives had been lost in the space of a few hours. This single event interacted with extremely different conditions on the ground and provides important lessons for the future. 7
Page 1: A ripple in development? Long term
Page 4 and 5: Authors: Emery Brusset (team leader
Page 6 and 7: 5 Risk reduction...................
Page 10 and 11: State and civil society The interve
Page 12 and 13: tion is not complete, the achieveme
Page 14 and 15: For donor governments Strengthen lo
Page 16 and 17: 14. NGOs and UN agencies should see
Page 18 and 19: We would like to warmly thank all t
Page 20 and 21: ilitation and development (Linking
Page 22 and 23: Consequently, our study has asked:
Page 24 and 25: the style of the text in the evalua
Page 26 and 27: The team, however, enjoyed privileg
Page 28 and 29: Table 1 Summary of interviews by ca
Page 30 and 31: was the local level administration
Page 33 and 34: 2 The state and civil society 2.1 I
Page 35 and 36: On the other hand, the public’s p
Page 37 and 38: Although there is here a natural ha
Page 39 and 40: struction process, and unpredictabi
Page 41 and 42: cial structures. The context for in
Page 43 and 44: In the Maldives, the level of destr
Page 45 and 46: In Sri Lanka despite strong mobilis
Page 47 and 48: increase at the local level, the pr
Page 49 and 50: to the status quo ante, have limite
Page 51 and 52: 3 Poverty, livelihoods and economic
Page 53 and 54: This evaluation has taken account o
Page 55 and 56: income by carrying out petty tradin
Page 57 and 58: The positive effects of aid assista
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Table 3e Aid disbursement flows for
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the tsunami affected areas. The Ace
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In 2005 prior to the peace agreemen
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In general, the main household inco
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omy. The Acehnese tend to have expe
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“The relatively limited economic
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was perceived to be played by NGOs,
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Yet the potential for change is cre
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Shelter and housing have been salie
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example in health or women’s live
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gramme is one of the key factors be
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not been sufficiently guided in rec
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Sri Lanka’s mainstream programme
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However, there are exceptions in bo
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5 Risk reduction 5.1 Introduction T
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Indonesia also has new legislation
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Tsunamis present a relatively rare
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There is an issue also with the “
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More positively, the second type of
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6 Capacity development 6.1 Introduc
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and Italy. The Programme’s object
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sulted communities in the east to c
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things to many actors over time res
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The use of information plays a cons
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7 Conclusions The conclusions here
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The following figure illustrates th
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7.3 The need to give greater effect
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Attention has not yet focused on ar
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7.8 Overall conclusion The risk of
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8 Recommendations The recommendatio
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8.2 For donor governments Strengthe
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43. Conflict sensitivity analysis s
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Appendix 1 Terms of reference 1 Int
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1.2 The LRRD concept 4 LRRD is a mu
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The efforts of the international ai
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2.2.1 Thematic questions A. The ret
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c) How have the micro-politics of l
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Particular issues to be reviewed in
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In order to obtain relevant materia
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Within two weeks prior to commencin
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Appendix 2 Details of methodology A
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District Sub District Samples Total
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Appendix 3 List of persons and grou
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Surname, Forenames Dilreshi Dirhams
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Surname, Forenames Krassnitzer, Joh
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Surname, Forenames Organisation and
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Surname, Forenames Tveitnes, Ranvei
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Date Attendees No. of ♂ No. of
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This report is a follow-up evaluati
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