A ripple in development? - Channel Research

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tion is not complete, the achievements should not be underestimated. Budgets from all types of programming and sources (public and private) have been used in the affected areas, which have supported programmes with practically all the modalities available today in international cooperation. Yet the results only partially met expectations. This evaluation finds that the disaster, and the hazards that lie in the future, are still treated as an exceptional category of issues by governments and agencies, rather than a mainstream concern that should trigger specific adjustments. While linkages have been beneficial mostly as regards the social fabric of communities, and in disaster risk reduction, they have not sufficiently contributed to the impact on poverty reduction, and above all local capacity building. The main reason for the limited achievements in terms of linkages is to be found in the low priority given to long term considerations, and to lateral information. Unifying frames of reference, such as early recovery, disaster risk reduction, or poverty reduction, are still conceived and implemented separately. As a result the actors (donors, states, NGOs and UN agencies, civil society) tend to concentrate on the achievement of their own institutional programme objectives achieved through projects, which are relatively short term for the most part. They are also little inclined to analyse the cultural and governance environment in a systematic way, and, more damagingly, have few developed strategies for local capacity building. Conclusion The main question about relevant and effective linkages is hence not so much about “relief ”, versus “rehabilitation” or “development”, but rather one of proper choice of partners, and scope of work. By designing long range assessments and clear planning priorities, national governments can better cooperate with international organisations, and build local capacity. Such a system-wide reappraisal of the reasons for good or weak linkages as we have carried out should then lead to a more complete assessment and planning process. This could turn the ripple of the response into a wave more equal to that of the tsunami. Recommendations The recommendations presented below are based on the previous conclusions, presented here organised by specific actors. The scope of the recommendations relate to post-disaster efforts in the context of fragile environments. 10
For affected country and host governments Strengthen local level state effectiveness 1. National governments should, early in the disaster response, formulate a clear division of roles between central and local government. 2. Governments should document the efforts and successes of local initiatives and solutions to recovery problems during the period from the emergency response to the medium term (up to five years). 3. Governments should compile and share information about local development NGOs. More long range analysis 4. Governments should draw lessons from the good practices of the BRR experience, in terms of its high level authority, local presence, coordination. 5. National governments should review the lessons drawn by others from the management of the international response to natural disasters in Asia. Better targeted livelihoods recovery 6. Local administration programming should be holistic and related to household level analysis. 7. Governments of the region should consider identifying well aligned and well resourced response capacities as a measure of disaster preparedness. A less restrictive understanding of risk reduction 8. Disaster risk assessments must be made a precondition for all development investment decisions in high risk areas. 9. Governments should promote disaster risk reduction from the central government down to the village level, and ensure policies are clearly formulated and consistently applied. Better notions of capacity development 10. Governments of the region should make use of the few relevant tools available for capacity development in disasters, such as universities. 11. Government systems and standards for communicating to communities in disaster-prone areas should be developed. 11
Page 1: A ripple in development? Long term
Page 4 and 5: Authors: Emery Brusset (team leader
Page 6 and 7: 5 Risk reduction...................
Page 8 and 9: NGO OCHA Sida TEC TOR UN UNDP UNFPA
Page 10 and 11: State and civil society The interve
Page 14 and 15: For donor governments Strengthen lo
Page 16 and 17: 14. NGOs and UN agencies should see
Page 18 and 19: We would like to warmly thank all t
Page 20 and 21: ilitation and development (Linking
Page 22 and 23: Consequently, our study has asked:
Page 24 and 25: the style of the text in the evalua
Page 26 and 27: The team, however, enjoyed privileg
Page 28 and 29: Table 1 Summary of interviews by ca
Page 30 and 31: was the local level administration
Page 33 and 34: 2 The state and civil society 2.1 I
Page 35 and 36: On the other hand, the public’s p
Page 37 and 38: Although there is here a natural ha
Page 39 and 40: struction process, and unpredictabi
Page 41 and 42: cial structures. The context for in
Page 43 and 44: In the Maldives, the level of destr
Page 45 and 46: In Sri Lanka despite strong mobilis
Page 47 and 48: increase at the local level, the pr
Page 49 and 50: to the status quo ante, have limite
Page 51 and 52: 3 Poverty, livelihoods and economic
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Page 55 and 56: income by carrying out petty tradin
Page 57 and 58: The positive effects of aid assista
Page 59 and 60: Table 3e Aid disbursement flows for
Page 61 and 62: the tsunami affected areas. The Ace
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In 2005 prior to the peace agreemen
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In general, the main household inco
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omy. The Acehnese tend to have expe
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“The relatively limited economic
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was perceived to be played by NGOs,
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Yet the potential for change is cre
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Shelter and housing have been salie
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example in health or women’s live
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gramme is one of the key factors be
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not been sufficiently guided in rec
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Sri Lanka’s mainstream programme
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However, there are exceptions in bo
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5 Risk reduction 5.1 Introduction T
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Indonesia also has new legislation
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Tsunamis present a relatively rare
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There is an issue also with the “
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More positively, the second type of
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6 Capacity development 6.1 Introduc
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and Italy. The Programme’s object
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sulted communities in the east to c
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things to many actors over time res
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The use of information plays a cons
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7 Conclusions The conclusions here
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The following figure illustrates th
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7.3 The need to give greater effect
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Attention has not yet focused on ar
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7.8 Overall conclusion The risk of
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8 Recommendations The recommendatio
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8.2 For donor governments Strengthe
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43. Conflict sensitivity analysis s
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Appendix 1 Terms of reference 1 Int
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1.2 The LRRD concept 4 LRRD is a mu
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The efforts of the international ai
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2.2.1 Thematic questions A. The ret
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c) How have the micro-politics of l
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Particular issues to be reviewed in
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In order to obtain relevant materia
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Within two weeks prior to commencin
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Appendix 2 Details of methodology A
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District Sub District Samples Total
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Appendix 3 List of persons and grou
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Surname, Forenames Dilreshi Dirhams
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Surname, Forenames Krassnitzer, Joh
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Surname, Forenames Organisation and
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Surname, Forenames Tveitnes, Ranvei
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Date Attendees No. of ♂ No. of
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This report is a follow-up evaluati
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