A ripple in development? - Channel Research

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ecent evaluation of the implementation of the Declaration 22 pointed to the need for better understanding by foreign field personnel of local reality, while there is resistance to donor coordination, perceived as “ganging up” on the government. On the other hand lack of confidence in partner country systems leads to the fact that donors do not give them a chance to grow. More striking, however, in relation to the donor harmonisation agenda, is the ongoing separation of the relief and recovery effort from within the broader development aid effort. This was identified as a risk by a recent DFID evaluation 23 , where support to humanitarian agencies and to the MDF was treated as “recovery”, a temporary allocation with little relevance to the pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals. This is also reflected in a French Ministry of Foreign Affairs evaluation 24 , which noted that humanitarian assistance and post-disaster reconstruction loans were treated quite separately in the programme portfolio. This absence of linkage is also reflected on the partner country side. In Sri Lanka, where the state is characterised by an informal ministerial system, the tsunami response was separated from the departments managing the regular governmental programmes. It follows that, for instance, the monitoring and evaluation department within the Ministry of Planning was not involved in the tsunami aid effort and is only at the end of 2008 assimilating and incorporating the database developed to track the tsunami aid response, into its systems. Harmonisation was exercised to a greater extent in Indonesia with the establishment of the MDF in support of primarily BRR. This did not relate well to the country programmes, and according to BRR officials however, it was the MDF that in practice proved most cumbersome to work with out of all of its donors. 25 2.4 Decentralisation & subsidiarity Decentralisation is designed in development policy (by the three states but also by donors) to enhance the opportunities for participation by placing more power and resources within reach of the population. In environments with little participation it is viewed as an initial step in developing opportunities for citizen-state interaction. In the three countries was the intended role of decentralisation relatively well linked to that of the agencies? 22 Evaluation of the Implementation of the Paris Declaration, Sri Lanka Case Study, July 2008, Kabell Consulting, for Danida 23 Country Programmeme Evaluation, Chris Barnett et al. ITAD Ltd for DFID, 2007 24 Evaluation de la cooperation française avec l’Indonésie 1988–2007, Ernst & Young and Channel Research, 2009 25 See Masyrafah, Mckeon, the Wolfensen Center for Development, Post-tsunami aid effectiveness in Aceh, Brookings (2008)p.19 42
In Sri Lanka despite strong mobilisation by sub-national public governance institutions in the aftermath of the tsunami, few additional resources were allocated to them for tsunami work and their role was primarily to facilitate the work of aid agencies. In Indonesia, the BRR, endowed with ministerial power, established its base in Banda Aceh and accelerated decentralisation. Decentralisation has clearly progressed in Indonesia since the time of the tsunami, although serious issues of local capacity remain. As consistent with the wishes of the Government of Indonesia, donor funding is increasingly via on-budget support instead of being off-budget, leading to better livelihood prevention strategies and larger national development strategies which are consistent with meeting the principles of the Paris Declaration and reinforced at the Accra High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness. The evolution of decentralisation laws in the country continues, as can be seen in related public expenditure laws such as Law No. 25/2004 on National Development Planning and Regulation No. 21/2004 on Line Ministry and Agency Budget Work Plan. This was well matched by the creation of the MDF. Without exception, all stakeholders interviewed by the evaluation (including government) expressed the opinion that the role of the MDF as a policy forum had an influence far wider than just funding projects. To a large extent it helped set the agenda for the BRR, particularly in terms of process (monitoring, procurement, etc) and the sequencing of priorities (housing, infrastructure) 26 . The MDF is (in practice) a consensual body, not a voting body, and there is a degree to which this is perceived to lead to lowest common denominator approaches – arguably, this happened in 2005 when construction projects with output indicators (numbers of newly built houses, for instance) outstripped the more medium term (and less visible) livelihoods projects 27 . But this was not a problem inherent to the MDF itself, as it simply reflected the kind of projects being submitted by partner agencies. By 2007, as policy-driven consensus had increased, the MDF was, for instance, taking a lead in encouraging capacity building and training projects (and components within projects) for local government. Separate EC 28 and DFID reviews of the MDF concluded with a largely positive appraisal, in spite of serious delays in fulfilling objectives. The MDF performed considerably better in the second year, and lessons from the above evaluations (particularly on start-up, more rapid release of funds, and how to overcome bureaucratic bottlenecks) have clearly translated into more efficient decentralisation. 26 DFID Country Programmeme Evaluation for Indonesia, ITAD, Chris Barnett et al. 27 TEC Synthesis Report, 2005 28 “Mid-Term Evaluation of the Multi-Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias”, Particip and Channel Research for the EC, 2009. 43
Page 1: A ripple in development? Long term
Page 4 and 5: Authors: Emery Brusset (team leader
Page 6 and 7: 5 Risk reduction...................
Page 8 and 9: NGO OCHA Sida TEC TOR UN UNDP UNFPA
Page 10 and 11: State and civil society The interve
Page 12 and 13: tion is not complete, the achieveme
Page 14 and 15: For donor governments Strengthen lo
Page 16 and 17: 14. NGOs and UN agencies should see
Page 18 and 19: We would like to warmly thank all t
Page 20 and 21: ilitation and development (Linking
Page 22 and 23: Consequently, our study has asked:
Page 24 and 25: the style of the text in the evalua
Page 26 and 27: The team, however, enjoyed privileg
Page 28 and 29: Table 1 Summary of interviews by ca
Page 30 and 31: was the local level administration
Page 33 and 34: 2 The state and civil society 2.1 I
Page 35 and 36: On the other hand, the public’s p
Page 37 and 38: Although there is here a natural ha
Page 39 and 40: struction process, and unpredictabi
Page 41 and 42: cial structures. The context for in
Page 43: In the Maldives, the level of destr
Page 47 and 48: increase at the local level, the pr
Page 49 and 50: to the status quo ante, have limite
Page 51 and 52: 3 Poverty, livelihoods and economic
Page 53 and 54: This evaluation has taken account o
Page 55 and 56: income by carrying out petty tradin
Page 57 and 58: The positive effects of aid assista
Page 59 and 60: Table 3e Aid disbursement flows for
Page 61 and 62: the tsunami affected areas. The Ace
Page 63 and 64: In 2005 prior to the peace agreemen
Page 65 and 66: In general, the main household inco
Page 67 and 68: omy. The Acehnese tend to have expe
Page 69 and 70: “The relatively limited economic
Page 71 and 72: was perceived to be played by NGOs,
Page 73: Yet the potential for change is cre
Page 76 and 77: Shelter and housing have been salie
Page 78 and 79: example in health or women’s live
Page 80 and 81: gramme is one of the key factors be
Page 82 and 83: not been sufficiently guided in rec
Page 84 and 85: Sri Lanka’s mainstream programme
Page 86 and 87: However, there are exceptions in bo
Page 89 and 90: 5 Risk reduction 5.1 Introduction T
Page 91 and 92: Indonesia also has new legislation
Page 93 and 94: Tsunamis present a relatively rare
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There is an issue also with the “
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More positively, the second type of
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6 Capacity development 6.1 Introduc
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and Italy. The Programme’s object
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sulted communities in the east to c
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things to many actors over time res
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The use of information plays a cons
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7 Conclusions The conclusions here
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The following figure illustrates th
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7.3 The need to give greater effect
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Attention has not yet focused on ar
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7.8 Overall conclusion The risk of
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8 Recommendations The recommendatio
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8.2 For donor governments Strengthe
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43. Conflict sensitivity analysis s
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Appendix 1 Terms of reference 1 Int
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1.2 The LRRD concept 4 LRRD is a mu
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The efforts of the international ai
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2.2.1 Thematic questions A. The ret
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c) How have the micro-politics of l
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Particular issues to be reviewed in
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In order to obtain relevant materia
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Within two weeks prior to commencin
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Appendix 2 Details of methodology A
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District Sub District Samples Total
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Appendix 3 List of persons and grou
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Surname, Forenames Dilreshi Dirhams
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Surname, Forenames Krassnitzer, Joh
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Surname, Forenames Organisation and
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Surname, Forenames Tveitnes, Ranvei
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Date Attendees No. of ♂ No. of
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This report is a follow-up evaluati
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