Volume 8 – Mechanical and Electrical Services - Malaysia Geoportal

Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MANAGEMENT OF M&E INSTALLATION
- Billing monthReading time
- Days in billing cycle
- Kilowatt hours
- Billing kilowatt demand
- Actual kilowatt demand
- Kilovars
- Kilovar hours
- Power factor
- Power bill (broken down into the above categories plus fuel cost and any additional charge)
- Production level
- Additional column(s) for remarks (such as plant vacation periods)
6.2 SYSTEM DESIGN AND AUDIT
The incorporation of energy efficiency management system during design stage has generally been
ignored in the building development in Malaysia in the past. The main reason towards this is
generally due to the initial cost, which is practically in the order of 5%-10% dearer than the
traditional building design and construction cost. In principle, energy cost should be considered for
the optimisation of all design projects.
Any additional costs (due to energy efficiency features) of reviewing the project can be estimated at
the start of the project. It would appear to be reasonable if these additional costs can be recovered
within half a year in the form of energy savings, as allowances should also be made for any
additional investment required. As a simple rule of thumb, if the estimated energy savings are
expected to be 15% as a result of the added energy efficiency design, then the additional costs
should correspond to a maximum of 7.5% of the expected annual energy costs.
Strategically, the design of the energy efficiency building process focuses on the architectural design
(building envelope) and passive design for the purpose of reducing the building heat load, use of
daylight, natural ventilation, zoning, selection of efficient equipment including air-conditioning,
lightning, office equipment and effective control system.
Passive design refers to the design features of the building, which help to reduce the heat gains
through the building envelope construction itself. Passive design also includes taking advantage of
natural phenomena such as natural ventilation and use of daylight to partly substitute mechanical
ventilation and artificial electrical lightning. Most importantly, proper building orientation plays the
major role in the passive design features. The placement and orientation of the building should be
such that its long facades with majority of windows and main entrance shall not face the east and
west. Further, the shape of the building should be such that the building envelope heat gain is
minimized, such as, building with minimum possible of wall to floor area ratio.
Choice of window size and its glass type will further enhance another important element in passive
design by utilizing the daylight. Window with bigger size allows the daylight penetrates into the
building, however it may also allow the solar heat gain through radiation. Therefore, proper shading
of the building and windows should be optimized to avoid direct sunlight, and at the same time
maximize diffused light into the building by proper depth of overhangs and reveal.
6-2 March 2009