Volume 8 – Mechanical and Electrical Services - Malaysia Geoportal

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Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MANAGEMENT OF M&E INSTALLATION This will often lead to a fruitful discussion of the savings potential. The most important thing in the first instance is to get a dialogue started with the suppliers and to make them aware of the fact that the energy cost is one of a number of criteria in your selection of new equipment. The suppliers cannot be counted on to bring up this matter of his/her own accord as most suppliers have learned that this is of no interest to their customers. For equipment with an annual energy consumption corresponding to more than RM10,000 – RM 20,000, for example (the limit being fixed in the goal), a detailed evaluation should be made of the criteria the equipment is to meet. The department may choose to do this itself, or to do it in cooperation with the suppliers. Suppliers ought to be instructed to pass on information related to energy consumption of equipment, which is in the tendering phase, so that the energy efficiency of the equipment can be evaluated. The suppliers should also be made aware that, if possible, an alternative offer for a solution that is more energy efficient should be given in addition to their standard offer even though it may be more expensive. 6.6 SOLAR a) Solar Electricity i) Sunlight can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic’s (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP) and various experimental technologies. PV has mainly been used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. ii) A solar cell (or photovoltaic cell) is a device that converts light into direct current using the photoelectric effect. iii) The earliest significant application of solar cells was a back-up power source to the Vanguard satellite, which allowed the satellite to continue transmitting for over a year its chemical battery was exhausted. iv) Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) system use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated light is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most, developed are the solar trough, parabolic dish and solar power tower. These methods vary in the way they track the Sun and focus light. In all these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage. b) Solar Cell A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is made of special materials called semiconductors, the most common semiconductor material which is used in the manufacture of a solar cell is known as silicon. When a light source strikes a solar cell, a portion of it is absorbed by the semiconductor material. The absorbed light energy knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely. March 2009 6-7
Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MANAGEMENT OF M&E INSTALLATION Fig. 6.1 Typical Solar Cell Ordinarily pure silicon is a poor conductor of electricity so impurities such as phosphorus and boron are added to create what is known as a semi-conductor. The addition of these impurities not only allows the silicon to conduct electricity, but also acts to force electrons freed by light absorption to flow in a certain direction. This directional flow of electrons is also referred to as a current. By placing metal contacts on the top and bottom of the solar cell, it then becomes possible to draw that current off to use externally to perform work. c) Solar Electric Module A solar electric module consists of an aluminum framed sheet of highly durable low reflective, tempered glass that has had individual solar cells adhered to the inner glass surface. These individual solar cells are wired together in a series parallel configuration so as to obtain the necessary voltage and current. 6-8 March 2009
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GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT O
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DID MANUAL VOLUME 8 Foreword The fi
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DID MANUAL VOLUME 8 Registration of
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DID MANUAL VOLUME 8 List of Volumes
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DID MANUAL VOLUME 8 TNB TSHD USBR T
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Tabl
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Figu
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1.1 TYPE OF PUMPS USED IN DID Chapt
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Fig.
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Wate
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Moni
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION b) P
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION 1.9
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION a) W
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION c) A
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Fig
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Gene
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Fig
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION Comm
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION - In
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION APPE
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Chapter 1 PUMPING INSTALLATION (6)
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1 CHAPTER 2 GATE DESIGN
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN APPENDIX 2B M
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN (This page is
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN a) Dam - rete
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Figure 2.5 He
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN g) Offtake -
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Figure 2.9(c)
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Some common r
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Figure 2.13 T
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN b) High press
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Figure 2.18 H
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Bulkhead gate
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Table 2.1 Cor
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2.4.1 Materials for Hydraulic Gates
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Corrosion mit
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN 2.6 GATE TEST
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN 1.0 GENERAL T
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN APPENDIX 2B M
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN a) Sill Beam
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1.0 PURPOSE Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN A
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN 5.0 Fully Ope
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Chapter 2 GATE DESIGN Section 5 Tro
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Chapter 3 GROUND WATER FACILITIES T
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3.1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 GROUND W
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Chapter 3 GROUND WATER FACILITIES F
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Chapter 3 GROUND WATER FACILITIES O
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Chapter 3 GROUND WATER FACILITIES D
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Chapter 3 GROUND WATER FACILITIES T
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Page 130 and 131: Chapter 5 PLANT MANAGEMENT AND CONT
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Page 168 and 169: Chapter 7 ELECTRICAL SERVICES Table
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Chapter 8 DREDGER Table 8.3 - Dispo
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Chapter 8 DREDGER 3.2 Speed Boat -
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Chapter 8 DREDGER 3.0 Supervision C
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Chapter 8 DREDGER ii. Where there i
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Chapter 8 DREDGER ‣ Synthetic rop
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8.12 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE Manual
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Chapter 8 DREDGER • Check the lev
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT Table of
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT 9.4.6.5
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT 9 ASSET
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT 9.2.4 Pe
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT 9.3.2 Tu
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT Fig. 9.2
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT Kementer
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT Table 9.
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT • Pega
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Chapter 9 ASSET MANAGEMENT f) Mempe
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9.4.5.17 Tukar barang (Barter trade
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Langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil:
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CHAPTER 10 SCADA AND AUTOMATION SYS
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Chapter 10 SCADA AND AUTOMATION SYS
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Volume 8 – Mechanical and Electrical Services - Malaysia Geoportal

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