Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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• Congestion – DMS can be used to warn motorists of congestion that lies ahead as a result of an incident, bottleneck, or special event. The DMS also can be used to provide warnings when unexpected queuing occurs in areas of restricted sight distance such as around a curve or over a road crest. • Diversion – DMS can be used to inform motorists of available or required alternate routes. • General Guidance Information – DMS can be used to provide directions and information on ways to obtain additional information through other means (e.g., radio). • Maintenance and Construction Work Sites – DMS can be used to warn motorists of lane closures in order to avoid abrupt weaving. End of queue warnings and alternate route information can also be provided to motorists approaching work sites. • Roadway Status – DMS are used extensively to provide information regarding the status of road conditions. There are several sign technologies available for use in DMS. These technologies, and characteristics of each, are summarized below: • Light-Bulb Matrix – A light bulb matrix is a very basic DMS that uses light bulbs to create text or graphic messages. Light bulb matrix signs are becoming obsolete to other DMS technologies. Light bulb technology has higher maintenance requirements, high energy usage, degradation in visibility, and limitations on messages that can be displayed. • Reflective Flip-Disk – A Reflective flip-disk sign consists of magnetized pivoted disks that are attached by a pair of pivoting points along the central axis of the disk. Flip disks are either open or closed depending on the characters that are displayed. A short current pulse controls the flip disk. The disk is typically matte black on one side and a yellow/green on the other side when viewed by motorists. Legibility of the sign is generally good during daylight conditions but can be difficult to see after dark, even with internal sign illumination. Flip disks are prone to occasional sticking and require more frequent maintenance. • LED – Clusters of light emitting diodes (LEDs) make up each pixel on an LED sign. Characters are formed using a matrix of pixels, each of which can be turned on or off. Sign legibility is generally good, except when the sun shines directly on the front of or behind the sign. When the sun is at that angle to the sign, LED characters can become “washed out” and harder to see. However, LED pixel brightness can be very intense. Because the LED displays don’t have any moving parts, maintenance is generally low. The life of an LED sign can be extended if the inside of the sign is ventilated. City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 40 September, 2003
• LED Hybrid – LED hybrid signs join the technologies of LED with conventional flipdisk signs. Each reflective disk has a small hole in the center. When the colored side of the disk is displayed, it opens up the pixel of the LED which provides internal illumination of the message. LED hybrid signs are typically more visible than conventional flip-disk signs and offer good day and night visibility. Flip disks are prone to occasional sticking. • Fiber Optic – Fiber optic signs use a cluster of light emitting fibers attached to a light guide. The fibers from one or more light guides are used to make a pixel that is illuminated by a halogen lamp. The light guide passes the light from the lamp to all its fibers. To make a particular character, selected lamps or small rotating shutters are energized to create the character pattern. Brightness of pixels may be partially controlled by adjusting the number of fibers per pixel. A standby lamp is used when extra brightness is needed and as backup to the halogen lamps. The text or graphics are displayed in pure white light. Colored displays are obtained by sending the white light through colored filters to achieve the desired color. • Fiber Optic Hybrid – A fiber optic hybrid sign joins the technologies of optical fiber display with conventional flip-disk signs. Each reflective disk has a small hole in the center. When the colored side of the disk is displayed, it opens up the pixel of the illuminated fiber which provides illumination of the message. Fiber optic hybrid signs are typically more visible than conventional flip-disk signs and offer good day and night visibility. Flip disks are prone to occasional sticking. DMS Recommendations - Based on the currently available technologies, LED Hybrid is recommended as the preferred option for DMS displays in the City of Oakland since it combines the attributes of LED and reflective flip-disk displays to offer good day and night visibility. DMS should be located on major routes near heavily traveled areas such as the Airport, Coliseum, Convention Center and Jack London Square in advance of major decision points. Signs should be placed such that the motorist can read the message, make a decision, and perform the required traffic movements safely. 4.2.4 Trailblazer Signs (TBS) TBS are essentially limited-message capability DMS. They provide immediate information to a high volume of traffic at major decision points, enabling drivers to make quick route selections. TBS are generally deployed in urban areas at freeway ramps and on parallel surface routes, and on smart corridors to suggest alternate surface routes for motorists to use during an incident. TBS are typically left blank, and when the need arises, a message indicating the alternate freeway or roadway, along with text and an arrow signifying the direction of traffic on the freeway, are displayed. The City of Oakland and the Oakland Fire Department expressed the desire for TBS in the immediate areas surrounding the Oakland Airport and the Oakland Coliseum and along predetermined evacuation routes throughout the City. The TBS could quickly reroute traffic after special City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 41 September, 2003
Page 1 and 2: Citywide ITS Strategic Plan Final R
Page 3 and 4: CITY OF OAKLAND CITYWIDE ITS STRATE
Page 5 and 6: 6.7.3 Long-Term Communications Plan
Page 7 and 8: SECTION 1 Introduction 1.1 PURPOSE
Page 9 and 10: The vision of the Citywide ITS Stra
Page 11 and 12: SIC SMFO SONET SR2S STP TAT TBS TCT
Page 13 and 14: through the thoughtful and effectiv
Page 15 and 16: the downtown area) is time-based. D
Page 17 and 18: Most of the controllers throughout
Page 19 and 20: 2.3.2 Bay Area Regional ITS Archite
Page 21 and 22: • San Pablo Avenue • Telegraph
Page 23 and 24: 2.4.2 Other Oakland Plans The plann
Page 25 and 26: Port of Oakland Airport Roadway Pro
Page 27 and 28: SECTION 3 Signal System As part of
Page 29 and 30: In the Needs Assessment workshop, s
Page 31 and 32: Table 3.2 - High Priority Corridors
Page 33 and 34: agencies such as AC Transit and BAR
Page 35 and 36: In addition to selecting a signal s
Page 37 and 38: TS-1 and TS-2 Options In addition t
Page 39 and 40: Alternative 3: Hybrid System A thir
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2 Traveler Information Requirem
Page 43 and 44: • Cameras mounted with a pan-tilt
Page 45: These detectors can be installed in
Page 49 and 50: ecently completed the design of a P
Page 51 and 52: • Full closure or four quadrant r
Page 53 and 54: oute information is typically disse
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.3 Internet Access The Internet
Page 57 and 58: A more sophisticated approach opera
Page 59 and 60: EVP Recommendations - The Oakland F
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 5 High-Level System Archite
Page 63 and 64: These seven user services can be ex
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.2 - High-Level Center-to-C
Page 67 and 68: 5.4 ARCHITECTURE RECOMMENDATIONS As
Page 69 and 70: Architecture Version 3.0 includes 6
Page 71 and 72: SECTION 6 Communications Network 6.
Page 73 and 74: have an effect on the alternatives
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.1 - Communications Topolog
Page 77 and 78: • Fault tolerance. If a communica
Page 79 and 80: Table 6.1 - Bandwidth Comparison D
Page 81 and 82: There are three different types of
Page 83 and 84: This same hardwire configuration ca
Page 85 and 86: August 2003 City of Oakland ITS Str
Page 91 and 92: surveillance purposes in the near f
Page 93 and 94: 7.1.3 Communications Infrastructure
Page 95 and 96: Table 7.1 - TMC Equipment List Cont
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7.3.2 Equipment Room The equipment
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than 5’6” wide by 7’ long. Th
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September 2003 City of Oakland ITS
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o High Street o MacArthur Boulevard
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• The City of Oakland Fire Depart
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8.2 MEDIUM-TERM PROJECTS This secti
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• The City’s Fire Department sh
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8.3 LONG-TERM PROJECTS This section
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73rd Ave Maritime Street 7th St. Ai
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Table 8.2 - Medium-Term Deployment
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SECTION 9 Operations and Management
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Incident Management Systems Safety
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• Signal Technicians - 5.5 FTE Wi
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• Optical Time Domain Reflectomet
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diagnostic equipment, maintain an a
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9.7 O&M COSTS This section provides
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management, etc.) or the integratio
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Lighting Act of 1972, Part 2 of Div
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• TEA 21 Funds • ITS Earmark Fu
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Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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