Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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note that if an agency does not have an existing Internet connection and one needs to be added, VPN would not be as cost-effective as leased lines, because the connection would need to be at both ends.) • The Oakland TMC would be able to interface with all VPN sites with one Internet connection, rather than paying for and interfacing with the second end of all the leased lines from each agency. The disadvantage of using VPN is that the network is based on open standards that are still emerging. The market leader today is Microsoft, which has implemented a protocol called PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol). PPTP is a proprietary protocol; meaning if implemented for the Oakland citywide network, only Microsoft-compatible products could be specified. One open standard for VPN, called IPSec (or “IP Security”), has recently been developed, and products supporting it are now being shipped. Unlike PPTP, IPSec offers the benefits of an open standard that is highly desirable for most public agencies. 6.5.4 FDN Considerations Using a conduit and TWP/fiber infrastructure, if readily available, can carry tremendous amounts of data at a fraction of the operational cost of leased services, even if maintenance services are contracted on an on-call basis. The cost of installing fiber optics or twisted pairs, if conduit is not readily available, can be prohibitively expensive; therefore, the communication alternative selection process assumes that fiber or twisted pair will be used wherever conduit is pre-existing. Where conduit is not pre-existing, an evaluation needs to be performed to decide whether or not to install new conduit and/or fiber optics, build a wireless link, or make use of leased telecommunication services. 6.6 FIELD DEVICE REQUIREMENTS The ITS field elements require different bandwidths for communications. Most ITS elements such as VDS and DMS require lower bandwidth. CCTV cameras are the most demanding and require high bandwidth. This section presents a discussion on relevant ITS elements that would be deployed in the City of Oakland. 6.6.1 Low Bandwidth Devices Low bandwidth devices require lower speed connections and can generally utilize TWP, or low bandwidth wireless communications such as CDPD or dial up to transit data from a field cabinet to a hub. Fiber optics can also be used to transmit data to and from low bandwidth devices, if available, but it is not required. Some of the low bandwidth devices being recommended in this Strategic Plan are traffic signal controllers, VDS, DMS and TBS. When using TWP or fiber optics to connect to traffic signals, two twisted wire pairs or fiber strands are required from the backbone (one to transmit data and one to receive data). Numerous traffic signal controllers can be connected in a daisy chain or ring configuration (see Figure 6-1) with the same two twisted wire pairs or fiber strands. Generally, no more than six or eight controllers are interconnected on same circuit. Two twisted wire pairs or fibers enter each controller cabinet and two twisted wire pairs or fibers leave each controller cabinet except for the controller on the end of the chain. City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 76 September, 2003
This same hardwire configuration can be used for other low bandwidth devices such as DMS, TBS and VDS, if desired. 6.6.2 High Bandwidth Devices High bandwidth devices require a higher speed connection and can generally utilize fiber optics, microwave or leased lines such as DSL, T1-T3. The two high bandwidth devices being recommended in this Strategic Plan are CCTV cameras and kiosks. When using fiber for CCTV communication, one fiber strand is required from the backbone to connect to each CCTV camera. This single fiber strand is used to transmit video in one direction and PTZ data in both directions. However, due to the high bandwidth requirements of CCTV, the devices must be configured in a point-to-point topology (see Figure 6-1). In this configuration, one fiber strand is dedicated to each CCTV camera. 6.7 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK RECOMMENDATIONS This section introduces short-, medium-, and long-term communications to deliver the needs of the City into the 21 st century. The main considerations for communications are derived from the need for low and high-speed connections. High bandwidth ITS elements such as CCTV will utilize fiber optics. Some of the low bandwidth ITS elements will utilize existing conduit and TWP when it is more cost effective than upgrading to fiber. TWP can be tied directly into the TMC or into field communications hubs where it is connected to the City’s fiber backbone. Conduit and fiber infrastructure should be built on the priority corridors mentioned in Section 2. The fiber cable should be sized to accommodate future communications needs. At a minimum, a 96-strand fiber cable is recommended on each priority corridor. In the remote areas of Oakland, where building conduit infrastructure may be costly, CDPD wireless modems or 2.5 GHz Spread Spectrum (802.11 A/B) would be cost effective solutions to transmit data back to the TMC. A top-level phased approach to the communications requirements is provided below. 6.7.1 Short-Term Communications Plan (0 to 5 years) In the short-term plan the focus should be on the Airport/Coliseum area and some of the high priority corridors (see Section 8 for specifics). The high priority corridors near downtown such as Broadway and Telegraph should be tied directly into the TMC. The high priority corridors near the Airport/Coliseum area should be connected to the MSY communications hub. From the MSY, a leased T-1 line should be utilized to provide a high-speed connection to the TMC for the near term. This T-1 line should be dedicated to the Transportation Services Division and be used for traffic management purposes only. CCTV cameras should utilize a fiber network installed in existing or new conduits. Traffic signals should utilize existing TWP interconnect, if available. If no TWP interconnect exists, fiber could be used to interconnect signals and transmit CCTV images. All other low speed ITS elements such as DMS and VDS should utilize wireless connections or phone drops. Based on the actual deployment and commissioning schedule of the City’s ITS projects, the best wireless network and service plan should be City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 77 September, 2003
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Citywide ITS Strategic Plan Final R
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CITY OF OAKLAND CITYWIDE ITS STRATE
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6.7.3 Long-Term Communications Plan
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SECTION 1 Introduction 1.1 PURPOSE
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The vision of the Citywide ITS Stra
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SIC SMFO SONET SR2S STP TAT TBS TCT
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through the thoughtful and effectiv
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the downtown area) is time-based. D
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Most of the controllers throughout
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2.3.2 Bay Area Regional ITS Archite
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• San Pablo Avenue • Telegraph
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2.4.2 Other Oakland Plans The plann
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Port of Oakland Airport Roadway Pro
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SECTION 3 Signal System As part of
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In the Needs Assessment workshop, s
Page 31 and 32: Table 3.2 - High Priority Corridors
Page 33 and 34: agencies such as AC Transit and BAR
Page 35 and 36: In addition to selecting a signal s
Page 37 and 38: TS-1 and TS-2 Options In addition t
Page 39 and 40: Alternative 3: Hybrid System A thir
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2 Traveler Information Requirem
Page 43 and 44: • Cameras mounted with a pan-tilt
Page 45 and 46: These detectors can be installed in
Page 47 and 48: • LED Hybrid - LED hybrid signs j
Page 49 and 50: ecently completed the design of a P
Page 51 and 52: • Full closure or four quadrant r
Page 53 and 54: oute information is typically disse
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.3 Internet Access The Internet
Page 57 and 58: A more sophisticated approach opera
Page 59 and 60: EVP Recommendations - The Oakland F
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 5 High-Level System Archite
Page 63 and 64: These seven user services can be ex
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.2 - High-Level Center-to-C
Page 67 and 68: 5.4 ARCHITECTURE RECOMMENDATIONS As
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Page 71 and 72: SECTION 6 Communications Network 6.
Page 73 and 74: have an effect on the alternatives
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Page 77 and 78: • Fault tolerance. If a communica
Page 79 and 80: Table 6.1 - Bandwidth Comparison D
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Page 85 and 86: August 2003 City of Oakland ITS Str
Page 91 and 92: surveillance purposes in the near f
Page 93 and 94: 7.1.3 Communications Infrastructure
Page 95 and 96: Table 7.1 - TMC Equipment List Cont
Page 97 and 98: 7.3.2 Equipment Room The equipment
Page 99 and 100: than 5’6” wide by 7’ long. Th
Page 101 and 102: September 2003 City of Oakland ITS
Page 103 and 104: o High Street o MacArthur Boulevard
Page 105 and 106: • The City of Oakland Fire Depart
Page 107 and 108: 8.2 MEDIUM-TERM PROJECTS This secti
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Page 111 and 112: 8.3 LONG-TERM PROJECTS This section
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Page 115 and 116: Table 8.2 - Medium-Term Deployment
Page 117 and 118: SECTION 9 Operations and Management
Page 119 and 120: Incident Management Systems Safety
Page 121 and 122: • Signal Technicians - 5.5 FTE Wi
Page 123 and 124: • Optical Time Domain Reflectomet
Page 125 and 126: diagnostic equipment, maintain an a
Page 127 and 128: 9.7 O&M COSTS This section provides
Page 129 and 130: management, etc.) or the integratio
Page 131 and 132: Lighting Act of 1972, Part 2 of Div
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• TEA 21 Funds • ITS Earmark Fu
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Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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