Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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enefit of worldwide standards to standardize the equipment. SONET provides both a usable standard for ITS and a recent example of a successful standards process. SONET currently provides standards for a number of line rates approaching 20 Gbps. SONET is considered to be the foundation for the physical layer of the broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) runs as a layer on top of the SONET transport for communicating over a fiber optic medium, so some of the SONET bandwidth can be used for interconnecting ATM nodes together and the remaining SONET bandwidth can be used for high quality video node equipment. 6.4.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) Although 100Base-T has captured the market for servers and PCs within the LANs, it does not provide enough bandwidth for today’s typical backbone or wide area network (WAN) needs. In order to rectify this problem, the 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) standard (802.3z) was ratified by the IEEE 802.3 Committee in 1998. This latest 1000 Mbps Ethernet standard is gaining momentum as the backbone technology of choice due to the lower cost associated with Ethernet and the availability of products that support distances in excess of 50 km (~30 miles) via Single Mode Fiber Optic (SMFO) cable. As 1000/100/10 auto-sensing products become widely available, it is anticipated that GigE will move down to the server and PC side of the LAN in the same manner as the 100Base-T (FAST Ethernet) migration path of existing 10Base-T LANs. 6.4.2 Communications Topology When dealing with the agency-owned alternative (fiber or wireless) communication infrastructure, there are three primary communication topologies to consider: point-topoint (star), daisy-chain, and ring. Point-to-point topologies dedicate a communication path between two points (in this case the field device and the hub). A daisy-chain link has multiple field devices sharing the communication medium with a single path back to the node. The ring topology also shares the communication medium with several devices but has two communication paths to the hub, reducing the effects of a single communication failure. The ring topology is more robust (fault-tolerant) relative to pointto-point and daisy-chain topologies. A diagram of each topology is shown in Figure 6.1. City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 68 September, 2003
Figure 6.1 – Communications Topologies Field Device POINT-to-POINT NODE Field Device DAISY-CHAIN NODE Field Device Field Device Field Device RING NODE Field Device Field Device Field Device 6.4.2.1 Star Topology (Point-to-Point) The star topology is comprised of a main hub point with many point-to-point communication links extending from it. The point-to-point communication links provide quick response times due to a dedicated channel between each point; however this presents a reliability problem such that if the medium/connection is cut, the channel has no other path to maintain the connection. Most microwave communication technologies (and leased services) use point-to-point topology. In the case of fiber optics, point-topoint topology requires more fibers than daisy-chain or ring topologies because one or more fibers are dedicated to each field device. In the case of microwave, separate pairs of microwave antennas are required for each path. If the field devices were connected in a star topology, the hub would serve as the central collection point, through which all communication would be routed. The advantage of a star topology is the simplicity of design and configuration. The disadvantages of the star topology include: City of Oakland ITS Strategic Plan 69 September, 2003
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Citywide ITS Strategic Plan Final R
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CITY OF OAKLAND CITYWIDE ITS STRATE
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6.7.3 Long-Term Communications Plan
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SECTION 1 Introduction 1.1 PURPOSE
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The vision of the Citywide ITS Stra
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SIC SMFO SONET SR2S STP TAT TBS TCT
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through the thoughtful and effectiv
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the downtown area) is time-based. D
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Most of the controllers throughout
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2.3.2 Bay Area Regional ITS Archite
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• San Pablo Avenue • Telegraph
Page 23 and 24: 2.4.2 Other Oakland Plans The plann
Page 25 and 26: Port of Oakland Airport Roadway Pro
Page 27 and 28: SECTION 3 Signal System As part of
Page 29 and 30: In the Needs Assessment workshop, s
Page 31 and 32: Table 3.2 - High Priority Corridors
Page 33 and 34: agencies such as AC Transit and BAR
Page 35 and 36: In addition to selecting a signal s
Page 37 and 38: TS-1 and TS-2 Options In addition t
Page 39 and 40: Alternative 3: Hybrid System A thir
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2 Traveler Information Requirem
Page 43 and 44: • Cameras mounted with a pan-tilt
Page 45 and 46: These detectors can be installed in
Page 47 and 48: • LED Hybrid - LED hybrid signs j
Page 49 and 50: ecently completed the design of a P
Page 51 and 52: • Full closure or four quadrant r
Page 53 and 54: oute information is typically disse
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.3 Internet Access The Internet
Page 57 and 58: A more sophisticated approach opera
Page 59 and 60: EVP Recommendations - The Oakland F
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 5 High-Level System Archite
Page 63 and 64: These seven user services can be ex
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.2 - High-Level Center-to-C
Page 67 and 68: 5.4 ARCHITECTURE RECOMMENDATIONS As
Page 69 and 70: Architecture Version 3.0 includes 6
Page 71 and 72: SECTION 6 Communications Network 6.
Page 73: have an effect on the alternatives
Page 77 and 78: • Fault tolerance. If a communica
Page 79 and 80: Table 6.1 - Bandwidth Comparison D
Page 81 and 82: There are three different types of
Page 83 and 84: This same hardwire configuration ca
Page 85 and 86: August 2003 City of Oakland ITS Str
Page 91 and 92: surveillance purposes in the near f
Page 93 and 94: 7.1.3 Communications Infrastructure
Page 95 and 96: Table 7.1 - TMC Equipment List Cont
Page 97 and 98: 7.3.2 Equipment Room The equipment
Page 99 and 100: than 5’6” wide by 7’ long. Th
Page 101 and 102: September 2003 City of Oakland ITS
Page 103 and 104: o High Street o MacArthur Boulevard
Page 105 and 106: • The City of Oakland Fire Depart
Page 107 and 108: 8.2 MEDIUM-TERM PROJECTS This secti
Page 109 and 110: • The City’s Fire Department sh
Page 111 and 112: 8.3 LONG-TERM PROJECTS This section
Page 113 and 114: 73rd Ave Maritime Street 7th St. Ai
Page 115 and 116: Table 8.2 - Medium-Term Deployment
Page 117 and 118: SECTION 9 Operations and Management
Page 119 and 120: Incident Management Systems Safety
Page 121 and 122: • Signal Technicians - 5.5 FTE Wi
Page 123 and 124: • Optical Time Domain Reflectomet
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diagnostic equipment, maintain an a
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9.7 O&M COSTS This section provides
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management, etc.) or the integratio
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Lighting Act of 1972, Part 2 of Div
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• TEA 21 Funds • ITS Earmark Fu
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Intelligent Transportation Systems - City of Oakland

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