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Figure 6-56. Location of point-count sampling sites 13-24 at MCAS, Cherry Point. "R" denotes site of the eBirdRad avian radar. The eBirdRad avian radar is located near the center of the airfield (Figure 6-55) and was operated 24/7 throughout this 1-year period, recording plots and tracks data on a local hard drive. 149
We extracted the radar data for this analysis from the plots and tracks files by constructing alarm regions in the TrackViewer software and playing back the recorded data that corresponded to the times of the Point-Counts. We labeled the alarm zones with the number corresponding to the visual sampling Point-Count Circle to allow a comparison between visual counts and radar counts for individual Point-Count Circles. The data were analyzed for times that corresponded to the time the visual observer was at each Point-Count site and for all 12 Point-Count sites for the time of the complete count block. Thus, there are two comparisons made: A 5-minute synchronized comparison between visual observations and the radar, and a comparison for the total (1-2 hours) period of the visual survey block between visual and radar. Results The mean numbers of birds seen on the synchronized comparison did not differ between the two techniques: Visual = 1.78 birds/point count, Radar = 2.0 birds/point count; Student's t = -0.1127, df = 44, P > 0.05. Our comparison of the total number of birds detected per hour for the 12 sites for the total count block demonstrated that the radar detected significantly more birds (mean = 97.3 birds/hour) than the visual observer (mean flying past = 2.14 birds/hour; mean all flying = 7.06 birds/hour) (ANOVA: F 2,51 = 37.4, P < 0.01). There is an obvious inequality in comparing the number of birds observed for the duration of the visual count block: An observer is at each of the 12 sites for 5 minutes but the radar is monitoring all 12 sites during the same period of time. If the number of birds detected by the radar is adjusted to a detection rate per 5 minutes (mean = 8.12) and compared to the visual count (mean = 2.14; flying past), the radar still detected significantly more birds than the visual observer (Student's t = -4.61, df = 17, P < 0.001). The above comparison is not inconsistent with the results of the synchronized comparison. The synchronized comparison included only point-count observations in which the visual observer recorded birds “flying past.” The above comparison includes all Point-Count observations for that block including the ones in which the visual observer did not record any birds as "flying past" but the radar detected birds flying within the count circle. Conclusion The radar detects about 4-times as many birds as a visual observer for 5-minute synchronized Point-Count observation periods. For an entire count block (1 hour of observation), the radar detected about 50-times as many birds as a visual observer because the radar could monitor all 12 point-count sites simultaneously while the visual observer could monitor only one. Thus, the Success Criterion for PB5.1 was exceeded in both the synchronized and the total time period comparisons. 6.2.1.6 SAMPLES UP TO 3000 FEET [SB6.1] Objective More than 90% of all bird strikes occur below 914 m (3000 feet) above ground level (Dolbeer, 2006). Performance Criterion SB6.1, Samples to 3000 Feet, is a secondary criterion designed to demonstrate that avian radar is capable of sampling birds at the upper end of this range. We chose 914 m (3000 ft) as the performance metric for a successful demonstration of this capability 150
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
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Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
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accuracy and target continuity over
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permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
Page 127 and 128: Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
Page 129 and 130: Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
Page 131 and 132: Table 6-11. The position of Visual
Page 133 and 134: Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
Page 145 and 146: intended to demonstrate these syste
Page 147 and 148: Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
Page 149 and 150: 6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
Page 151 and 152: upper right have completely converg
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6-38. The progression of the
Page 155 and 156: The slight difference in alignment
Page 157 and 158: Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
Page 159 and 160: Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
Page 161 and 162: 6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
Page 163 and 164: Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
Page 165 and 166: Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
Page 167 and 168: Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
Page 169 and 170: Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
Page 171 and 172: We used a TVW to process the plots
Page 173 and 174: Figure 6-53. In an example of night
Page 175 and 176: 6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
Page 177: Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
Page 181 and 182: Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
Page 183 and 184: Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
Page 185 and 186: hours apart, showed considerable va
Page 187 and 188: • The sampling event time period
Page 189 and 190: underwent a 4-minute initialization
Page 191 and 192: Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
Page 193 and 194: commands we issued to the radar; th
Page 195 and 196: 4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
Page 197 and 198: Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
Page 199 and 200: 6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
Page 201 and 202: Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
Page 203 and 204: Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
Page 205 and 206: Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
Page 207 and 208: Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
Page 209 and 210: Archived Data to a GIS We used the
Page 211 and 212: (SQL). Extracting target data from
Page 213 and 214: Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
Page 215 and 216: Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
Page 219 and 220: esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
Page 221 and 222: As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
Page 223 and 224: Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
Page 225 and 226: Conclusion We have successfully dem
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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