(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Objective Metrics (a) Description Data Requirements PC4.1 Target data organized into database in near real-time while relaying to user. PC5.1 Near realtime bird awareness to air ops personnel PC6.1 Automatic early warning of developing bird hazards SC2.1 Wired WAN (Internet) availability. SC4.1 Wireless LAN availability The avian radar can continuously organize its target data into a SQL database while relaying to user. Remote track displays can keep air ops personnel informed of what the radar is seeing and tracking improving avian situational awareness. The avian radar can issue automatic alerts (e.g. text messages, emails, audible alert) in response to bird tracks moving into operatorspecified exclusion zones. Internet uptime is sufficiently high ensuring target data is inexpensively available to remote users who need it. Designated site: SEA Wireless network uptime is reasonably high ensuring target data is available to those who need it. Using same setup at ARTI as for PC3.1, demonstrate the RDS can, except for a small latency, keep up with the DRP while relaying tracks to RDS & TVW in real time for a period of one hour. Place remote displays such as the TVW, Webbrowser-based or Google Earth displays into hands of operations personnel to confirm improved avian situational awareness by soliciting their feedback and rating of the technology. Either Identify recorded dataset(s) of bird movements that presented a hazard that justified an early warning. At ARTI, reprocess the plot data through DRP, stream tracks to an RDS, relay to a TVW with alarm tool programmed to issue a alert to demonstrate early warning capability. Same procedure as PC3.1, except use a DRP at the designated site streaming target data over the Internet to RDS. Same as PC3.1, except the network between the DRP and the RDS is a wireless LAN. Success Criteria Time difference between TVW and DRP displays ≤ 5 seconds at a single site, ARTI. Overall technology rating 3 or more out of a possible 5, at a single site – either NASWI or SEA. Alarm issued at least 60 seconds before specified event, using data recorded from a single site: NASWI the primary site, MCASCP and SEA are backups. Network availability > 50% for a single site, SEA. The RDS will be at ARTI. Network availability > 50% at each of three sites: NASWI, SEA, & Edisto. Results (b) Demonstrated: Latencies were ≤4 s when relaying tracks to RDS & TVW at ARTI for a period of 1-hour [6.3.1.3]. Demonstrated: Overall technology rating was 3.4 at SEA; [6.3.1.4]. Demonstrated: Email alert transmitted > 82 seconds before a bird hazard condition reached its climax [6.3.1.5]. Demonstrated: 100% network availability maintained for a wired WAN (the Internet) over a 24-hour period [6.3.1.6]. Demonstrated: Wireless LAN uptimes at SEA and NASWI were 98.7% and 99.2%, respectively [6.3.1.7]. 30
Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Objective Data Integration Data Fusion Metrics (a) Description Data Requirements SD1.1 Near realtime integration for expanded local coverage SD2.1 Near real-time integration of radar tracks for common operating picture SD3.1 Spatial alignment for fusion of tracks from two radars with overlapping coverage. SD4.1 Temporal alignment for fusion of tracks from two radars with overlapping coverage The radar tracks from widely separated radars can be brought together in separate displays to a remote user in near-real time. Tracks from two or more radars can be integrated into a single operator display Two independent, overlapping radars can be sufficiently spatially aligned to allow a target seen by both to be associated as the same target. The time references for two independent radars can be kept sufficiently in sync to support fusion. Run widely separated (>9.3 km [5 nmi] apart) radars, simultaneously streaming tracks to RDS and from there to two side-by-side TVWs to display radar tracks from two separate radars in near-real time. Use AR2 and AR1radars to simultaneously stream tracks to RDS and to Google Earth to display tracks integrated from radars in near-real time; compare time stamps on integrated display with those on separate displays from each radar. Using Method 6 [Appendix B], for two radars with overlapping coverage identify: Timeframes where both radars simultaneously track a target; compute spatial misalignment error of tracks; compare against the a priori spatial uncertainty. Using Method 6 [Appendix B], for two radars with overlapping coverage, observe time stamp (scan times) for two radars at the RDS over one week period and compute temporal misalignment. Success Criteria Time difference between two TVW displays ≤ 10 seconds for data from two sites: SEA, NASWI, or Edisto. ARTI will be a backup site. Time difference between two radars in COP ≤10 seconds; times displayed in COP are the same as in TVWs. Data from two radars at one site, SEA. [Spatial misalignment error] < [3 times the a priori spatial uncertainty] using data collected from two radars at each of three sites: SEA, NASWI, and MCASCP. ARTI will be backup site. [Temporal misalignment] < 5 seconds for data collected from a single site, SEA. Results (b) Demonstrated: Maximum latencies for the SEA & NASWI radars were 6 seconds; averages were 3 & 4 seconds, respectively. [6.4.1.1]. Demonstrated: The maximum (and average) latencies for TVW and Google Earth displays from SEA were 2 & 7 seconds, respectively [6.4.1.2]. Demonstrated: Spatial misalignment errors (Distance) compared to Uncertainty were 70 m vs. 907 m (SEA); 79 m vs. 1801 m (NASWI); and 63 m vs. 772 m (MCASCP) [6.5.1.1]. Demonstrated: The maximum temporal misalignment was 0.021313 seconds [6.5.1.2]. 31
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
Page 7 and 8: Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
Page 13 and 14: Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
Page 19 and 20: List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
Page 21 and 22: Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
Page 23 and 24: Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
Page 25 and 26: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
Page 27 and 28: database and redistributed to other
Page 29 and 30: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
Page 31 and 32: A seventh objective, the Functional
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
Page 35 and 36: environmental stewardship with miss
Page 37 and 38: 2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
Page 39 and 40: The original BirdRad system was des
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51 and 52: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
Page 55 and 56: 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
Page 57: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 61 and 62: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 63 and 64: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 65 and 66: For the third test, Validation Usin
Page 67 and 68: temporal domain by recording all bi
Page 69 and 70: 3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
Page 71 and 72: difference in the time (i.e., the l
Page 73 and 74: 3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
Page 79 and 80: 2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
Page 81 and 82: (directional WiFi) to the Internet.
Page 83 and 84: • Large (several thousand) flocks
Page 85 and 86: location for demonstrating the capa
Page 87 and 88: 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
Page 89 and 90: 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 91 and 92: Assuming these lines evidence confi
Page 93 and 94: that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
Page 95 and 96: 6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
Page 97 and 98: ecord the time, Track ID, and other
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
Page 101 and 102: Comparing the performance of dish v
Page 103 and 104: Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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