(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 28/07/2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Integration and Validation of Avian Radars 2. REPORT TYPE Final Report 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) January 1, 2001 - January 1, 2010 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Brand, Marissa; Key, Gerald; Herricks, Dr. Ed; King, Ryan; Nohara, Dr. J. Timothy; Gauthreaux, Dr. Sidney, Jr.; Begier, Mike; Bowser, Christopher; Beason, Dr. Robert; Swift, James; Klope, Matt; Griese, Hermann; Dotur, MAJ Christopher; Osmek, Steve. 5d. PROJECT NUMBER RC-200723 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPAWARSYSCEN PACIFIC, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152; Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634; Accipiter Radar Technologies, Inc., 576 Highway 20 West, P.O. Box 939, Fonthill, Ontario, Canada; Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) 901 North Stuart Street, Suite 303, Arlington, VA 22203 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) ESTCP 11. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER RC-200723 12. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT A team of scientists and engineers from the federal government, industry, and academia is evaluating the ability of digital radar systems to identify and track biological targets and then validating these systems under realistic operational conditions. The eBirdRad radar unit utilizes off the shelf X-band marine radar coupled with advanced digital signal processing and tracking algorithms to process target information. The overall objectives of the IVAR project include: 1) the use of independent visual, thermal and other observations to validate automatic detection, tracking and display of targets in real time; 2) demonstrate the statistical validity of sampling protocols for bird activity; 3) validate protocols and algorithms for streaming real-time bird track data from multiple sites for immediate display and subsequent analysis; 4) demonstrate algorithms for fusing data from multiple radars; 5) capture baseline data on bird activity at the demonstration sites; and 6) develop objective criteria for functional, performance, and interoperability requirements of these radars, and to guide research to extend avian radar technology. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT a. REPORT U b. ABSTRACT U c. THIS PAGE U UU 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 366 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Marissa Brand 19b. TELEPONE NUMBER (Include area code) 619-553-5334 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI-Std Z39-18
Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xix Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................... xxii Authors’ Note............................................................................................................................. xxiv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................xxv 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE DEMONSTRATION ......................................................................2 1.3 REGULATORY DRIVERS ................................................................................................6 2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTION .............................................................9 2.1 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW............................................................9 2.2 DOD AND FAA AVIAN RADAR DEVELOPMENT .....................................................10 2.3 USER/IVAR PROJECT REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................12 2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT .................................................13 2.4.1 Operational Definition of “Real Time”..................................................................13 2.4.2 BirdRad - Analog Radars with Manual Tracking ..................................................14 2.4.3 eBirdRad – Digital Radars with Automatic Tracking............................................17 2.4.4 FAA/CEAT Accipiter® AR-1 and AR-2 radars....................................................21 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY/ METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................................24 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................26 3.1 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES...............................34 3.1.1 Automatic Tracking ...............................................................................................34 3.1.2 Sampling Protocols ................................................................................................37 3.1.3 Data Streaming.......................................................................................................40 3.1.4 Data Integration .....................................................................................................41 3.1.5 Data Fusion ............................................................................................................42 3.1.6 Additional Criteria .................................................................................................43 4 STUDY LOCATIONS.............................................................................................................45 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT ..................................................................................................48 4.2 NAS PATUXENT RIVER ................................................................................................50 4.3 NAS WHIDBEY ISLAND ................................................................................................51 4.4 ELMENDORF AFB ..........................................................................................................52 iii
Page 1: FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
Page 5 and 6: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
Page 7 and 8: Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
Page 13 and 14: Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
Page 19 and 20: List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
Page 21 and 22: Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
Page 23 and 24: Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
Page 25 and 26: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
Page 27 and 28: database and redistributed to other
Page 29 and 30: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
Page 31 and 32: A seventh objective, the Functional
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
Page 35 and 36: environmental stewardship with miss
Page 37 and 38: 2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
Page 39 and 40: The original BirdRad system was des
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51 and 52: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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